Physical and Cognitive Development Preschool

Question 1

True or False:

During the preschool years there is a steady increase in height, weight, muscle tone, torso length, as well as arm and leg length

Answer 1

True

Question 2

True or False:

Preschool children’s bodies grow slower than their heads

Answer 2

False

Question 3

True or False:

Preschool children’s center of gravity is toward navel and does not allow them to do things they could do as toddlers.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

____ skills requires use of large muscles in arm and leg muscles, as well as general strength and stamina.

Answer 4

Gross Motor

Question 5

Choose descriptions that apply in regards to gross motor development:

A) Appears to emerge rapidly and all at once

B) Gradual refinement of skills acquired in small steps

C) Eventually, small skills add up

D) Parents notice what appears to be a sudden change

E) All of the above

Answer 5

All of the above

Question 6

True or False:

Locomotion abilities, moving from one place to another does not progress in the preschool years

Answer 6

False

Question 7

True or False:

Movement Consistency - is the ability to adapt movements to varying environmental challenges, such as catching differents sizes of balls

Answer 7

False

Movement Consistency - developing competence in basic skills such as running and catching

Question 8

True or False:

Children learn to coordinate movements of their body and to adapt to what they are doing

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Choose all that apply: Children at the end of the preschool years should be able to:

A) Walk up and down stairs alternating feet

B) Walk in a straight or circular line

C) Balance while walking on a balance beam

D) Run with both feet leaving the ground

E) Climb ladders and climbers with alternating feet

Answer 9

All of them

Question 10

Choose all that apply: At the end of preschool years children should be able to:

A) Jump over blocks, tires, or other obstacles, leading with one foot

B) Gallop using one lead foot

C) Hop on one foot for 10 or more repetitions

D) Swing on a swing independently

E) Kick objects using a straight leg

Answer 10

All except E

Question 11

True or False:

Preschoolers are not as alike because physical growth is not governed by genetics and maturation

Answer 11

False

Preschoolers are more alike than different because physical growth is governed by genetics and maturation

Question 12

Name the types of play children go through but varies only in terms of equipment

Answer 12

Running, Jumping and Climbing, Throwing and Catching, Balancing, Rough and Tumble Play

Question 13

True or False:

Motor advances in the preschool years are the result of considerable brain growth

Answer 13

True

Question 14

True or False:

Motor activites do not enhance brain growth

Answer 14

False

Motor activities do enhance brain growth

Question 15

True or False:

Gross motor skills, perception, and neural functioning develop simultaneously and influence on another

Answer 15

True

Question 16

The use of artistic expression involves use of multiple regions of the brain and engages the child in ____

Answer 16

Symbolic Thought

Question 17

___ ___ ___ consist of coordination of smaller muscles in the arms, hands, and fingers

Answer 17

Fine motor skills

Question 18

True or False:

Perceptual-motor coordination is promoted by developments in the auditory and visual regions of the brain

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Name the disorder based on description:

low muscle tone, poor balance

limited fine motor development

Answer 19

Down Syndrome

Question 20

Name the disorder based on description:

caused by oxygen deprivation at birth

affects motor coordination and muscle strength

variation in degree of impairment

Answer 20

Cerebral Palsy

Question 21

What are some classroom adaptations for physically challenged children?

Answer 21

positioning children so they can join in by providing adjustable chairs

powered wheelchairs

providing larger toys, paintbrushes, peg blocks

adaptive pencils, drawing materials and scissors

Question 22

According to Piaget, preschoolers engage in ______ .

Answer 22

Preoperational Thought

Question 23

True or False:

Preschool children demonstrate improvements in abstract thought and can reflect on things they cannot see, hear, touch or act on

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Type of thinking where a child uses how a thing looks or sounds and cannot use logic to overcome misconceptions

Answer 24

Perception-based thinking

Question 25

The kind of thinking where a child focuses only on one characteristic of an object or feature of a problem one at a time

Answer 25

Unidimensional Thinking

Question 26

When children have difficulty reversing their thinking or actions

Answer 26

Irreversibility

Question 27

When a child is limited to causal thinking and will associate 2 events that occur close to each other

Answer 27

Transductive Reasoning

Question 28

Difficulty understanding others perspectives

Answer 28

Egocentrism

Question 29

When a child begins to use symbols for things that are not present

Answer 29

Symbolic Thought

Question 30

Match the features of symbolic thought

A) Language Will use objects to rep. something

B) Play simple words stand for action

C) Drawing make believe play using objects
gestures and themselves

D) Engage scribbling have symbolic meanings

Answer 30

Language - simple words stand for actions, persons, and objects

Play - will use objects to represent something else

Drawing - scribbling may have symbolic meanings to represent “stores” or events

Engage - make-believe using objects, gestures, and themselves to represent something else

Question 31

Children who solve problems without taking into account or being distracted by features of the environment

Answer 31

Field-independent Learners

Question 32

Rely more on environment to solve problems, benefit from social scaffolding

Answer 32

Field-sensitive Learners

Question 33

Ability to form a theory about what the mind is, how it works and how it might be controlled

Answer 33

Theory of Mind

Question 34

Learning to interpret one’s own emotions and those of others

Answer 34

Internal Emotional States

Question 35

Can interpret obvious motives and intentions behind actions

Answer 35

Motives and Intentions

Question 36

Begin to understand internal thought process

Answer 36

Knowing and Remembering

Question 37

In order for a child to attend they must control their impulse and ignore distractors

Answer 37

Attention

Question 38

Must hold information in their mind so they can access it to learn something new

Answer 38

Working Memory

Question 39

What are some classroom adaptations for children with cognitive difficulties?

Answer 39

create rich sensory environments

add novel objects and materials to play environment

use graded challenges in common play areas to encourage interaction

use realistic props in dramatic play center to encourage simple pretense alongside others

adapt materials on the spot