Language and Literacy in the Primary Years Flashcards
This refers to the various programs and strategies schools have adopted to help kids who speak a language different from the dominant language/culture
Bilingual Education
Name the three Bilingual Education Models
Immersion
Maintenance/Developmental
Two-Way Bilingual
This is the model where the children have to learn the new language without special support and completely in their non-native language
Immersion
This is the model where children are taught primarily in their native language, while simultaneously being taught English as second language
Maintenance/Developmental Model
The model where both languages are used equally in the instruction of children
Two-way Bilingual
The goal of this bilingual approach is to replace the child’s native language or dialect with the dominant language
Subtractive Approach
This approach adds a new language, but maintains native language
Additive Approach
Name the Stages of Production in Bilingual Education
Preproduction - tend not to speak (are silent) until confiden
Transition to Production - make occasional verbalizations
Early Production - utterances are longer and more frequent
Expansion to Production - speak in full sentences and can answer questions, but still not perfectly fluent
Introduction to Written Forms - show an interest in reading and writing in second language
True or False
Children’s motivation for reading and writing stems from their own desire to understand other’s and to communicate their own ideas and thoughts in writing
True
Names the Stages of Writing Development in the Primary Years
Prephonemic
Phonemic
Transitional
Conventional Writing
In this stage: random letters are used to represent whole words or stories. Letters have no relationship to sounds in the story but are ‘placeholders’
Prephonemic
In this stage the letters will match the sounds of words in stories
Phonemic
Child begins to spell out words using correct letter sounds. There is a lot of invented spelling in which conventions are not followed
Transitional
Children learn to use correct spelling and other writing conventions
Conventional Writing
What are some ways to promote children’s writing in the primary years?
encourage to write independently and use invented spelling
create writing center
provide journals for children to write in over the school year
conduct mini lessons where different writing strategies are taught (workshops)
Name the two stages of storybook reading
picture-governed
print-governed
The stage where children read books by looking at and studying the pictures
Picture-governed
This stage focuses on reading the text
Print-governed
Name the substages within the Picture-Governed style of reading
story not formed - point to make comments about pictures
story formed - will tell story as they point to pictures in book
written language-like - read the story by heart, remember the words and can retell accurately
Name the substages of Print-Governed Reading
print watched/refusal to read and aspectual - point to print and study it as adults read
print watched/holistic - apply multiple strategies: may use phonics, sight vocabulary and sentence context
independent reading - read independently, able to coordinate strategies and select the most appropriate ones for the particular text
Name ways you can identify specific learning disability in reading:
child communicates well orally, but reads and writes far below grade level
performs well on academic tasks that do not require reading
regularly confuses letters that are similar: d and b
regularly confuses similarly looking words: was and saw
quick and inaccurate guesses about words without applying decoding strategies
