Language and Literacy in Preschool Years

Question 1

Choose all that apply:

Children who attend high quality preschool are:

A) less likely to be retained in kindergarten through grade 3

B) have less higher graduation rates in high school

C) have fewer behavior problems

D) Only A

E) All of the above except D

Answer 1

All of the above except D

Question 2

The National Early Literacy Panel identified abilities from birth to age 5 predicted later achievement in literacy:

A) oral language development

B) phonological/phonemic awareness

C) alphabetic knowledge

D) Print knowledge

E) Invented spelling

Answer 2

All of them

Question 3

True or False:

A major advancement in the preschool years is the acquisition of symbolic thought

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In the area of phonology how does language grow in the preschool years?

Answer 4

develop phonological rules

Question 5

In the area of semantics how does language grow in preschool children?

Answer 5

children acquire vocabulary quickly

Question 6

In the area of syntax how doe language grow in preschool children?

Answer 6

build longer sentences

Question 7

Name the term:

When a word stands for more objects than it should

Answer 7

Overgeneralization

Question 8

Name the term:

When a word stands for fewer objects than it should

Answer 8

Overrestriction

Question 9

True or False

For second language acquisition children will gradually learn to distinguish between languages around age 5

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Name the order for age of acquisition for grammatical morphemes from 3 - 5 years

Answer 10

present progressive

prepositions in, on

irregular past tense

possessive - s

uncontractable copula is

articles a, the

regular past tense

3rd person present tense - s

Question 11

True or False

Learning to use language to persuade others is one of the most significant advancements in language in the preschool years

Answer 11

True

Question 12

True or False

Children learn to use simpler words and phrases when speaking with younger siblings or other young children

Answer 12

True

Question 13

True or False

Every culture has the same rules for social use of language

Answer 13

False

Question 14

Collective Conversation is when

Answer 14

everyone talks at once with little turn-taking

*common in African-American, Puerto Rican, and Jewish families

Question 15

True or False

In some cultures children are expected to use few words or remain silent at certain times

Answer 15

True

Question 16

True or False

In some cultures silence may be interpreted as unwillingness to coopreate, sign of respect, means to avoid conflict, establish privacy,

Answer 16

True

Question 17

List the stages of Early reading:

Answer 17

believe words of story come from pictures

notices print and understands that stories come from print

learns story by heart

maps story across print

Question 18

Children at 3-4 should be able to:

*choose all that best apply

A) tell you what action is going on in book

B) make a complete sentence

C) scribble to make shapes

D) repeat at least parts of a nursery rhyme

E) hold the book right way up

Answer 18

All of the above

Question 19

True or False

Attending a chronically low achieving school will have difficulty reading without additional instruction outside of school

Answer 19

True

Question 20

True or False

Low English proficiency results in low oral proficiency in English

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What are some of the risk factors for difficulty with literacy?

Answer 21

Living in poverty

limited literary experiences

severe cognitive deficits

hearing impairment

receptive and expressive language delay

family history of reading difficulties

Question 22

According to the Doing What Works picture, which two areas are focused when preparing children for literary success?

Answer 22

Phonological Awareness:
say beginning sound, blend onset-rime pairs, segment sounds in words, match letters and sounds

Interactive and Dialogic Reading:
teacher as guide, teacher and child engage in dialogue, and child as storyteller

Question 23

What are some ways that will enhance language and literacy development?

Answer 23

create symbol rich environments

understand and appreciate the unique language-learning patterns of bilingual speakers

understand and respect cultural differences in pragmatics and use this knowledge in interpreting student’s actions

support early literacy

(stories and conversations, prints in dfferent forms, drawing, etc.)

Question 24

Match the corresponding areas on how you can enhance language and literacy development:

A) Phonology Plan activities, play scenarios

B) Semantics Provide literacy materials

C) Syntax Present rhymes, poems and songs

D) Pragmatics label objects, events and actions

E) Genearl Literacy expand on use of morphemes

Answer 24

Phonology: present rhymes, poems, and songs that feature certain sounds

Semantics: enthusiastically lable objects, events, and actions particularly during play activities

Syntax: use, expand on, and encourage children to use morphemes and practice grammar rules

Pragmatics: plan activities, play scenarios, and story discussion that review social rules

General Literacy: provide literacy materials such as journals and pens in classroom

Question 25

Name the Preschool English Learners: Principles and Practices to Promote Language, Literacy, and Learning

Answer 25

1 - Create a partnership between preschool programs and families

2 - understand cultural differences in language use and incorporate those differences in the daily routine

3 - promote shared experiences in which language is used as a meaningful tool to communicate interests, ideas, and emotions

4 - Creatively and interactively use language

5 - experiment with the use, form, purpose, and intent of the first and second language use leads to growth in acquiring the second language