Disorders Affecting Development Flashcards
What is Difference?
condition or behavior that is unusual, but represent a variation of normal
Define delay
a state or behavior that is below expectations for the child’s age, sex, or physical condition when measured against norms
Define disorder
condition or behavior that impairs functional abilities in one or more areas of development
Define deficit
absence or limitation of a physical attribute, function, or skill
Define disability
limitation in the ability to perform certain tasks in a typical manner
Define handicap
degree to which the impaired condition or behavior prevents the person from engaging in life activities
True or False
The prevalence of children with voice, speech, language or swallowing disorders is highest amongst children 3-6
True
True or False
African American children have a higher incidence rate of disorders than white children and Hispanic children
True
Name the genetic disorders that affect development:
Angelman Syndrome
Fragile X Syndrome
Prader-Willi
Trisomy 21 (Down) Syndrome
Turner’s Syndrome
Name the neurological disorders that affect development
Cerebral Palsy
Febrile seizures
head trauma
What are the physiological features to Angelman Syndrome?
small head size
flatness in back of head
crossing of eyes
tongue thrusting
seizures
*chromosme 15 damaged or missing (from mother)
What are the developmental delays shown in children with Angelman syndrome?
intellectual disability
lack or minimal speech
difficulties walking, balancing problem
happy, excited personality
This is syndrome happens on the X chromosome. The extra genes intefere with regulation, turning off the gene and stopping necessary proteins from being synthesized
Fragile X Syndrome
What are the physiological features for children with Fragile X Syndrome?
large head
long, narrow face
large ears
overly flexible joints
What are signs for Fragile X Syndrome?
learning problems, intellectual disabilities
behavioral problems
problems paying attention
speech problems
sensitivity to light, sound, touch
Syndrome where either inherit both copies of #15 chromosome from the mother or inheriting a deletion of a region of #15 from father
Prader Willi Syndrome
What are the symptoms of Prader-Willi Syndrome?
hypotonia - low muscle tone
narrow face
small-appearing mouth
almond-shaped eyes
hypopigmentation
What are some overt signs of Prader-Willi Syndrome?
feeding problems in infancy
motor planning problems
behavioral problems
sleep disturbances
compulsive eating
True or False
1 in 700 babies in the U.S. or 6,000 babies born with Down Syndrome each year
True
Name the three types of Down Syndrome
Trisomy 21
Mosaicism
Translocation
What are some of the features of Down Syndrome?
mild to moderately low IQ
small stature
flattened bridge of nose
upward slant of eyes
Palmar crease
flat head
True or False
A child with Down Syndrome will show their first word between age 1 -4 years
True
What are some of the benefits of Early Intervention in terms of Speech Therapy for a child with Down Syndrome?
assist with the development of:
oral motor movements, imitation, speech sounds, auditory comprehension, communication, feeding, turn-taking, and cognition (object permanence, cause and effect)
The syndrome where females are born with 1 complete/partial/missing chromosome
Turner Syndrome
What are the features for Turner Syndrome?
short stature
lack of sexual development at puberty
and webbing at neck
What are the infantile symptoms of Turner Syndrome?
heart and blood vessel abnormalities
extra skin folds at the side and back of the neck
small and puffy hands and feet
What are the symptoms of school age children with Turner Syndrome?
slow growth
smaller in stature compared with peers
recurrent ear infections
hearing problems
eye and vision problems
learning difficulties
What is microdeletion?
when a small piece of chromosome is missing
What are the common microdeletion disorders?
22q, 17q, 1q, Angelman Syndrome, Cri-du-Chat Syndrome, and Prader-Willi
15q deletion has been linked to:
ASD, learning delays, epilepsy, and dysmorphic features
17q has been linked to:
developmental delay
speech delays
microcephaly
short stature
heart defects
short limbs
Genetic deletions can be identified by:
CGH (Comparative Genomic Hybridization)
and FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization)
True or False
When a seizure occurs there is too much or too little of exciting or stopping activity causing an imbalance
True
True or False:
Having at least 2 unprovoked seizures more than 24 hours apart is Epilepsy
True
True or False
Epilepsy is not rare
True
True or False
Studies have shown that 30% of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder has some type of seizure disorder
True
True or False
Of all of the substances of abuse, alcohol produces by far the most serious neurobehavioral effects on the infant
True
PFAS meets ___ criteria
2/3
ARND or Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder affects:
only the brain or central nervous system
What are some of the difficulties of chilren with FASD?
difficulty receiving and processing information
storing information
attention and memory
hyperactivity and impulsivity
poor social skills
inability to complete tasks
disregard for rules
What are some successful learning strategies for children with FASD?
use concrete, hands-on learning
structured routines
instructions short and simple
specific and consistent instructions
repeating tasks again and again
Cerebral Palys is classified by movement disorder; name them
Spasticity -stiff muscles
Dyskinesia - uncontrollable movements
Ataxia - poor balance and coordination
True or False
Spastic Cerebral Palsy is the most common type of CP
True
Spastic diplegia/diparesis mainly affects:
legs (scissoring)
difficulty walking due to tight hip and leg muscles
Spastic quadriplegia/quadriparesis affects
affects all four limbs, trunk, and face
Dyskinetic CP is:
having trouble controlling movement of head, arms, feet and legs
movement can be slow, writhing or jerky
Ataxic CP is:
problem with balance and coordination
unsteady when walking and have a hard time with quick movements that need a lot of control
What are some of the early signs on a baby with CP (younger than 6 mos)
head lags when you pick up while lying on back
feels stiff
floppy
when picked up, legs get stiff and cross or scissor
When a baby is older than 6 mos:
doesn’t roll over
cannot bring hands together
difficulty bringing hands to mouth
reaches out with one hand
True or False
Febrile seizures are caused by fever
True
