Physical Activity and Energy Expenditure

Question 1

Obese individuals are more likely to suffer from…

Answer 1

Heart Disease; Type 2 diabetes; CVA (stroke)

Question 2

Why did people become obese?

Answer 2

Possibly less leisure time

Question 3

Relationship between cardiovasular fitness and mortality

Answer 3

Inverse; more fit=less mortality

Question 4

Harvard Alumni Study take home message

Answer 4

fit people had less disease than unfit people

Question 5

Methods for measuring heat production

Answer 5

Direct calorimetry
Indirect calorimetry
Doubly labeled water technique

Question 6

Direct calorimetry

Answer 6

All metabolic processes produce heat

Question 7

Indirect calorimetry

Answer 7

All energy release depends on oxygen; open or closed circuit methods

Question 8

Doubly labeled water technique

Answer 8

Radioactive isotope put in water

Question 9

Total Daily Energy Expenditure

Answer 9

Measure of all metabolic processes occurring in the body

Question 10

Factors that make up TDEE

Answer 10

Resting metabolic rate (60-75%)
Thermogenic effect of food consumed (10%)
Energy expended during activity and recovery (15-30%)

Question 11

Factors that affect TDEE

Answer 11

Physical activity
Diet induced thermogenesis
Calorigenic effect of food on exercise metabolism
Climate
Pregnancy

Question 12

Respiratory Quotient

Answer 12

The ratio of metabolic gas exchange

RQ = CO2 produced/ O2 consumed

Question 13

RQ provides us with an idea of

Answer 13

What nutrients are being burnt for energy at that time

Question 14

Carbohydrate RQ

Answer 14

1.00

Question 15

Fat RQ

Answer 15

0.7

Question 16

Protein RQ

Answer 16

.818

Question 17

Respiratory Exchange Ratio

Answer 17

Exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen during different physiologic conditions

Question 18

RER Formula

Answer 18

Volume of CO2 / Volume of O2

Question 19

Can RER go above 1.00?

Answer 19

Yes, during hyperventilation or all out efforts

Question 20

Basal Metabolic Rate

Answer 20

The minimum level of energy to sustain vital functions in the waking state (Reflects total heat production)

Question 21

Resting Metabolic Rate

Answer 21

Always slightly higher than BMR depending on body size, muscle mass, age, fitness, hormones, and body temperature

Question 22

Factors that effect BMR/RMR

Answer 22

Body Size
Gender
Age

Question 23

Body size affect on BMR/RMR

Answer 23

Bigger body, higher BMR

Question 24

Gender affect on BMR/RMR

Answer 24

Females have 5-10% lower rate than males bc less fat free mass

Question 25

Age affect on BMR/RMR

Answer 25

Changes in body comp. explain the 2-3% reduction per decade in BMR

Question 26

Surface Area Law

Answer 26

BMR and RMR should be expressed by body surface area per hour to acknowledge the relationship between heat production and size.

Question 27

Can we change BMR/RMR?

Answer 27

Physical activity causes most profound effect

Question 28

MET

Answer 28

Multiples of the RMR
One MET equals resting oxygen consumption
2 METS requires twice the resting metabolism
Expressed as Oxygen consumption per unit body mass

Question 29

Factors affecting energy expenditure during activity

Answer 29

Body mass (More = more oxygen)
Age (Old < Young)
Gender (Men > Women)
Health (Injury)