Physical Activity and Energy Expenditure Flashcards
Obese individuals are more likely to suffer from…
Heart Disease; Type 2 diabetes; CVA (stroke)
Why did people become obese?
Possibly less leisure time
Relationship between cardiovasular fitness and mortality
Inverse; more fit=less mortality
Harvard Alumni Study take home message
fit people had less disease than unfit people
Methods for measuring heat production
Direct calorimetry
Indirect calorimetry
Doubly labeled water technique
Direct calorimetry
All metabolic processes produce heat
Indirect calorimetry
All energy release depends on oxygen; open or closed circuit methods
Doubly labeled water technique
Radioactive isotope put in water
Total Daily Energy Expenditure
Measure of all metabolic processes occurring in the body
Factors that make up TDEE
Resting metabolic rate (60-75%)
Thermogenic effect of food consumed (10%)
Energy expended during activity and recovery (15-30%)
Factors that affect TDEE
Physical activity Diet induced thermogenesis Calorigenic effect of food on exercise metabolism Climate Pregnancy
Respiratory Quotient
The ratio of metabolic gas exchange
RQ = CO2 produced/ O2 consumed
RQ provides us with an idea of
What nutrients are being burnt for energy at that time
Carbohydrate RQ
1.00
Fat RQ
0.7
Protein RQ
.818
Respiratory Exchange Ratio
Exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen during different physiologic conditions
RER Formula
Volume of CO2 / Volume of O2
Can RER go above 1.00?
Yes, during hyperventilation or all out efforts
Basal Metabolic Rate
The minimum level of energy to sustain vital functions in the waking state (Reflects total heat production)
Resting Metabolic Rate
Always slightly higher than BMR depending on body size, muscle mass, age, fitness, hormones, and body temperature
Factors that effect BMR/RMR
Body Size
Gender
Age
Body size affect on BMR/RMR
Bigger body, higher BMR
Gender affect on BMR/RMR
Females have 5-10% lower rate than males bc less fat free mass
