Aging and Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

Fastest growing segment of American Society

A

Elderly persons (>85)

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2
Q

Percent of the US exceeding 65

A

13%

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3
Q

By 2030, ___ % will exceed age 85

A

20%

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4
Q

Percent that engage in vigorous physical activity 3 times a week for 30 minutes

A

15%

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5
Q

Percentage that doesnt engage in physical activity

A

60%

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6
Q

Percentage leading sedentary lifestyles

A

25%

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7
Q

Most popular leisure time activities

A

Walking, gardening, and yard work

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8
Q

Percentage of light to moderate physical activity

A

22%

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9
Q

Physical activity occurs more among….

A

women, blacks, hispanics, older adults, less afluent persons

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10
Q

Highest strength levels

A

Ages 20-40, when CSA is largest

Concentric strength declines slowly then rapidly after middle age

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11
Q

The ___ declines faster than ___

A

Capacity for power generation; maximal strength

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12
Q

Declines in ____ strength begin at a later age and progress more slowly than ___ strength

A

Eccentric; concentric

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13
Q

___ strength deteriorates more slowly than ___ strength

A

Arm; Leg

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14
Q

Strength loss relates to

A

Limited mobility and fitness status, potential for more accidents

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15
Q

Motor unit remodeling

A

Normal, continuous process involving motor endplate repair and reconstructio. Deteriorates in old age

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16
Q

Cessation of Motor unit remodeling leads to..

A

Denervation muscle atrophy and eventual reduction in CSA, mass, and function

17
Q

Muscle Mass decrease affects ___ fibers the most

A

Type 2; leads to an increase in type 1 fibers

18
Q

Muscle size begins to decrease at approximately age ___, decreasing by ___ by age ___

A

30; 10%; 50

19
Q

Aging leads to a ___ decline in the spinal cord axons number

A

40%

20
Q

Aging leads to a ___ decline in nerve conduction velocity

A

10%

21
Q

How does physical activity stop neural decline?

A

Slows decline of spinal cord axons and nerve conduction velocity

22
Q

Hypothalimic-Pituitary-Gonadal axis change with aging

A

Leads to menopause and andropause

23
Q

Adrenal cortex change with aging

A

Reduced output of DHEA

24
Q

Growth hormone/insulin like growth factor axis change with aging

A

Leads to somatopause

25
Q

Major age related changes in pulmonary function

A

Decreased elastic recoil of lung tissue
Stiffening of chest wal
Decreased intervertebral space
Weakening of repiratory muscle

26
Q

Older adults pulmonary response to exercise

A
More flow limitation
Higher ventilatory rates
Approach maximal inspiratory pressure
Increased expiratory resistance
Approach TLC
27
Q

VO2 max declines ___ per year and occurs ___ as fast in sedentary

A

1%; twice

28
Q

Maximum cardiac output with aging

A

Decreased due to lower max HR and SV

29
Q

Arterial changes with aging

A

Decreased compliance

30
Q

Capillary:Muscle fiber ratio

A

Decreases with aging

31
Q

Aterial cross sectional area

A

Decreases with aging

32
Q

Gain body weight and fat until

A

fifth or sixth decade; then total body mass decreases despite increasing body fat

33
Q

Bone mass decreases ____ in those ___

A

30-50%; >60; weight bearing and resistance increase bone mass