Aging and Exercise Flashcards
Fastest growing segment of American Society
Elderly persons (>85)
Percent of the US exceeding 65
13%
By 2030, ___ % will exceed age 85
20%
Percent that engage in vigorous physical activity 3 times a week for 30 minutes
15%
Percentage that doesnt engage in physical activity
60%
Percentage leading sedentary lifestyles
25%
Most popular leisure time activities
Walking, gardening, and yard work
Percentage of light to moderate physical activity
22%
Physical activity occurs more among….
women, blacks, hispanics, older adults, less afluent persons
Highest strength levels
Ages 20-40, when CSA is largest
Concentric strength declines slowly then rapidly after middle age
The ___ declines faster than ___
Capacity for power generation; maximal strength
Declines in ____ strength begin at a later age and progress more slowly than ___ strength
Eccentric; concentric
___ strength deteriorates more slowly than ___ strength
Arm; Leg
Strength loss relates to
Limited mobility and fitness status, potential for more accidents
Motor unit remodeling
Normal, continuous process involving motor endplate repair and reconstructio. Deteriorates in old age
Cessation of Motor unit remodeling leads to..
Denervation muscle atrophy and eventual reduction in CSA, mass, and function
Muscle Mass decrease affects ___ fibers the most
Type 2; leads to an increase in type 1 fibers
Muscle size begins to decrease at approximately age ___, decreasing by ___ by age ___
30; 10%; 50
Aging leads to a ___ decline in the spinal cord axons number
40%
Aging leads to a ___ decline in nerve conduction velocity
10%
How does physical activity stop neural decline?
Slows decline of spinal cord axons and nerve conduction velocity
Hypothalimic-Pituitary-Gonadal axis change with aging
Leads to menopause and andropause
Adrenal cortex change with aging
Reduced output of DHEA
Growth hormone/insulin like growth factor axis change with aging
Leads to somatopause
Major age related changes in pulmonary function
Decreased elastic recoil of lung tissue
Stiffening of chest wal
Decreased intervertebral space
Weakening of repiratory muscle
Older adults pulmonary response to exercise
More flow limitation Higher ventilatory rates Approach maximal inspiratory pressure Increased expiratory resistance Approach TLC
VO2 max declines ___ per year and occurs ___ as fast in sedentary
1%; twice
Maximum cardiac output with aging
Decreased due to lower max HR and SV
Arterial changes with aging
Decreased compliance
Capillary:Muscle fiber ratio
Decreases with aging
Aterial cross sectional area
Decreases with aging
Gain body weight and fat until
fifth or sixth decade; then total body mass decreases despite increasing body fat
Bone mass decreases ____ in those ___
30-50%; >60; weight bearing and resistance increase bone mass
