Endocrine Response to Exercise

Question 1

Major Endocrine Organs

Answer 1

Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal, and thymus glands

Question 2

Secondary organs containing areas of endocrine tissue

Answer 2

Pancreas, gonads, hypothalamus, adipose tissue

Question 3

Types of hormones

Answer 3

Steroid-derived hormones

Amine and polypeptide hormones

Question 4

Factors determining plasma hormone levels

Answer 4

Quantity synthesized in the host gland
Rate of either catabolism or secretion into the blood
Quantity of transport proteins present
Plasma volumes

Question 5

Hormonal gland stimulation

Answer 5

ACTH released into blood; adrenal cortex secretes glucocorticoids; glucocorticoids influence several target organs

Question 6

Humoral gland stimulation

Answer 6

Capillary blood contains high glucose
Insulin secreted by pancreas
Target cells absorb more glucose from blood
Capillary blood drops glucose levels
Low blood sugar inhibits insulin

Question 7

Neural gland stimation

Answer 7

Preganglionic sympathetic nerve stimulates adrenal medulla; adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines into blood

Question 8

Ant. Pituitary gland hormones

Answer 8

GH, ACTH, FSH, LH, Testosterone

Question 9

Post. Pituitary hormones

Answer 9

ADH

Question 10

Adrenal gland hormones

Answer 10

Cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine

Question 11

Pancreas hormones

Answer 11

Insulin, glucagon

Question 12

Growth hormone

Answer 12

Promotes cell division and proliferation
Slows carb breakdown, burns fats
Physical activity extends its action

Question 13

Antidiuretic Hormone

Answer 13

Increases contraction of smooth muscle and reabsorption of water by kidneys
Physical activity stimulates release

Question 14

Adrenal Cortex hormones

Answer 14

Glucocorticoids

Question 15

Adrenal Medulla hormones

Answer 15

Epinephrine; Norepinephrine

Question 16

Epinephrine

Answer 16

Increase Q, increase blood sugar and glycogen breakdown

Remains unchanged below 60% VO2 max

Question 17

Norephinephrine

Answer 17

Constricts blood vessels; increased in activities exceeding 50% VO2 max

Question 18

Insulin

Answer 18

Stores glyogen and promotes glucose entry in cells, also involved with protein synthesis

Question 19

Glucagon

Answer 19

Increases blood glucose levels

Question 20

Endurance training affect on endocrine system

Answer 20

Magnitude of hormonal response decreases due to increased efficiency

Question 21

Maximal exercise training affect on endocrine system

Answer 21

Identical or higher hormonal response than untrained subjet

Question 22

Hormonal factors in muscle size and function

Answer 22

• Changes in hepatic and extrahepatic hormone clearance rates
• Differential rates of hormone secretion
• Altered receptor site activation via neurohormonal control

Question 23

Short term Immune response to training

Answer 23

Moderate exercise: Boosts for several hours

Exhaustive exercise: Depresses immune system

Question 24

Long term Immune response to training

Answer 24

Aerobic training positively affects natural immune functions
Enhanced function of cytotoxic immune response
Diminished age related decrease in T-cell function and associated cytokine production