Physical Activity

Question 1

Define Physical activity.

Answer 1

Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles and resulting in energy expenditure
CSEP adds … and increases heart rate and breathing

Question 2

What might behavioral investigations of PA focus on?

Answer 2

Types of activity
Environment in which it takes place
Interactions with others
Equipment or apparatus used
Motivation source

Question 3

What are some biological heredity factors affecting activity behavior in kids and teens?

Answer 3

Adiposity and nutrition
Health status
Sexual maturation
Motor skills
Physical fitness

Question 4

What are some social and cultural factors affecting activity behavior in kids and teens?

Answer 4

Parents (attitudes and behaviours towards PA)
Peers (Attitudes and behaviours towards PA)
SES
Cultural and ethnic values
Sedentary time

Question 5

What are some psychological self-efficacy factors affecting activity behavior in kids and teens?

Answer 5

self schema for activity
perception of barriers to activity
attitudes about activity
beliefs about activity

Question 6

What are some physical environment factors affecting activity behavior in kids and teens?

Answer 6

availability of activity facilities
seasonal variation
climatic changes
Days of the week and holidays
Safety considerations
Entering the workforce versus school and studies

Question 7

What does physical activity look like in early childhood?

Answer 7

Spontaneous, intermittent, non-organized
ex.: jumping, sliding, swinging, running, cycling
Moderate intensity average duration: 6sec
High intensity: 3sec

Question 8

What does PA look like in later childhood and adolescence?

Answer 8

Cycling, walking, swimming, skating, team sports
Tracking is stronger the shorter the time interval

Question 9

What are the intensity guidelines according to CDC and ACSM?

Answer 9

Moderate activity= 3.0-6.0 METs
Vigorous activity= Greater than 6 METs

Question 10

What are the intensity guidelines according to CSEP?

Answer 10

Taking into account the METs of children and youth at rest
Light intensity: >=1.5-4.0 METs
Moderate: >=4.1-6.9 METs
Vigorous intensity >= 7.0 METs

Question 11

Why are accurate and reliable assessments and monitoring of PA difficult in kids?

Answer 11

Children under 10 unable to accurately self-report
Recall and desirability bias
Reliability and validity issues

Question 12

What is used to get objective measures of PA?

Answer 12

Heart rate monitoring (invalid for mild intensity)
Pedometers (does not measure intensity or distinguish stride length)
Accelerometers (measuring acceleration): counts must be associated with types of activity to be reliable and valid
HR+accelerometer best method together

Question 13

What are the 24 hour CSEP guidelines for infant and toddlers age 0-4

Answer 13

should accumulate 180 minutes of PA at any intensity throughout the day including:
In different environments
Activities that develop movement skills
Progression toward at least 60 minutes of energetic play by age 5

Question 14

What are examples of infant activity?

Answer 14

tummy time
Reaching for or grasping balls and toys
Playing or rolling on the floor
Crawling around

Question 15

What are some examples of activities for toddlers and preschoolers?

Answer 15

Movement of all kinds; climbing stairs, playing and exploring outside
Run, jump, dance, hop, bike ride

Question 16

What are the 24 hour CSEP guidelines for 5-11 and 12-17 y/o?

Answer 16

CSEP guidelines should include the SWEAT, STEP, SLEEP, and SIT

Sweat: MVPA:>= 60 minutes daily that should include:
- vigorous activities at least 3 days per week
- At least 3 days per week of muscle and bone strengthening activities

STEP:
Light PA: several hours daily of a variety of light and unstructured PA

Question 17

There are established links between PA and what health parameters?

Answer 17

Adiposity levels
Musculoskeletal health and fitness
Blood pressure
Plasma lipids and lipoproteins, cholesterol
Mental health markers (self-concept, anxiety and depression)

Question 18

There are established links between PA and improvements in what?

Answer 18

Cardiorespiratory fitness
Musculoskeletal fitness
Reduction in injuries

Question 19

What were the results of the Global Matrix Study?

Answer 19

Canada ranks 18/49 countries overall
Behavioural indicators 29/49
Settings and sources of influence 14/49

Question 20

What are some highlights from the Lit review and analysis on PA?

Answer 20

Young peoples fitness has deteriorated
Juvenile obesity is a major public health problem
Sports and PA stimulate the cardiorespiratory system
Weight-bearing locomotor activities, impacts sports and jumping exercises, as well as strength training increase bone mineral density and bone strength
Beneficial effects on several determinants of psychological well-being and mental health
Opportunities
Linked to greater student retention
Most health benefits disappear when participant stops exercising
Limiting time spent in sedentary activities can help reduce weight and obesity problems
Peer approval