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Block 6 > Phys: Reg Of Blood Pessure > Flashcards

Phys: Reg Of Blood Pessure Flashcards

1
Q

Normal blood pressure range for systolic and diastolic:

A

S: less than 120
D: less than 80

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2
Q

Elevated blood pressure numbers:

A

S: 120-129
D: less than 80

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3
Q

HTN stage 1 blood pressure numbers:

A

S: 130-139
D:80-89

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4
Q

HTN stage 2 blood pressure numbers:

A

S: 140 or higher
D: 90 or higher

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5
Q

Hypertensive crisis numbers:

A

S: higher than 180
D: higher than 120

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6
Q

Risk factors for HTN:

A

-age
-obesity
Physical inactivity
-high sodium diet
-excess alcohol
-family history
-black>white>asian

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7
Q

Complications of elevated blood pressure (non-ocular):

A

-coronary artery disease (CAD)
-left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)
-heart failure (HF)
-atrial fibrillation

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8
Q

Complications of high blood pressure (ocular):

A

-Retinopathy
-papilledema

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9
Q

Papilledema:

A

Swelling around optic disk secondary to increased ICP

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10
Q

Blood pressure = ____ X _____

A

CO X TPR

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11
Q

How can atrial pressure be increasesd? :

A

-constricting arterioles which increase TPR
-constricting large vessels which increase VR and CO
-increasing CO, heart rate, and contractility

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12
Q

Short term regulators of blood pressure:

A

-baroreceptors
-chemoreceptors
-CNS ischemic response

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13
Q

Intermediate regulators of blood pressure:

A

-renin angiotensin aldosterone system

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14
Q

Long term blood pressure regulators:

A

-kidney regulation of sodium and water

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15
Q

What are the two mechanisms for regulating blood pressure?

A

baroreceptor reflex and renin angiotensin system

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16
Q

The baroreceptor reflex:

A

-baroreceprors detect changes in arterial pressure
-signals sent to medulla of the brainstem
-heart rate adjusted

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17
Q

What carries the afferent fibers of the baroreceptors in the carotid sinus?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

18
Q

What nerve carries parasympathetic impulses of the carotid sinus?

A

Vagus nerve

19
Q

What causes renin to released?

A

Low blood volume

20
Q

Where is renin synthesized and stored?

A

In the modified smooth muscle cells in afferent arterioles of the kidney

21
Q

When is renin released?

A

In response to a fall in pressure

22
Q

What does renin act on?

A

Angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I peptide

23
Q

What two things is angiotensin II involved in?

A

-vessel constriction to increase TPR and BP
-release the aldosterone from adrenal cortex for Na+ and H2O absorption to increase SV and BP

25
Q

As Na+ intake is decreased, ________ levels increase significantly

26
Q

Exercising muscles receive up to ___% of the total cardiac output during periods of activity

27
Q

What happens to mean blood pressure during exercise and why?

A

There is a modest increase in mean blood pressure as vasodilation within the skeletal muscles significantly decreases the total vascular resistance

28
Q

Sympathetic nerve fibers innervate all vessels EXCEPT:

A

Capillaries and precapillary sphincters and some metarterioles

29
Q

What does the innervation of small arteries and arterioles allow for?

A

Sympathetic nerves to increase vascular resistance

30
Q

How are large veins to the heart innervated?

A

Sympathetically

31
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system important for?

A

Control of heart rate via the vagus nerve

32
Q

Where are teh vasoconstrictor fibers distributed?

A

All throughout the segments of circulation

33
Q

Where are there more vasoconstrictor fibers?

A

Kidneys, gut, spleen, skin

34
Q

Blood vessels are only innervated by ____ fibers via ____

A

SNS, alpha 1

35
Q

What does the Vasomotor center do?

A

Transmit impulses downward through the cord to almost all blood vessels

36
Q

Vasomotor center is located _____ in the medulla and the lower ____ of the pons

A

Bilaterally, 1/3rd

37
Q

What is the Vasomotor center composed of?

A

Vasoconstrictor, vasodilator, and sensory area

38
Q

The continuous signal s to sympathetic nerve fibers via vasoconstrictor area of VMC is called….

A

Sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone

39
Q

What is the neurotransmitter for the vasoconstrictor nerves?

A

Norepinephrine

40
Q

What can exert powerful excitatory or inhibitory effects on the VMC?

A

Higher centers of the brain (ie hypothalamus)

41
Q

How can the VMC increase arterial pressure within seconds?

A

-constricting all arterioles -> Increase TPR
-constricting large vessels of circulation -> increase VR -> increase CO
-directly increase CO by increasing HR and contractility

42
Q

Where are baroreceptors located?

A

-walls of the carotid bifurcation(carotid sinus)
-walls of aortic arch

Block 6 (32 decks)

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