Phys: Microcirculation

Question 1

What are the small vessels in the microcirculation system?

Answer 1

-arterioles
-capillaries
-venules

Question 2

what are the functions of the microcirculation?

Answer 2

-important in the transport of nutrients to tissues
-site of waste product removal
-sit of solute and fluid exchange

Question 3

Solute and water move across capillary wall via

Answer 3

intercellular cleft

Question 4

What are the three different capillary structures?

Answer 4

-continuous
-fenestrated
-sinusoidal

Question 5

What are the differences between the types of capillaries?

Answer 5

continuous
-no pores

fenestrated
-have pores

sinusoidal
-lots of pores with relatively high caliber

Question 6

Where are continuous capillaries found?

Answer 6

muscle, skin, fat, and nerve tissue (CNS)

Question 7

m3 receptors activate _______ to cause vasodilation

Answer 7

nitric oxide synthase (NOS)

Question 8

Lipid soluble substances ____ diffuse across the cell membrane

Answer 8

easily

Question 9

Lipid insoluble substances have to use ____ to get through the membrane

Answer 9

clefts and channels

Question 10

The width of the capillary intercellular pores is

Answer 10

6-7 nanometers

Question 11

In lymph vessels what causes them to contract?

Answer 11

smooth muscle filaments

Question 12

when interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure increases, how does that affect lymph flow?

Answer 12

it increases

Question 13

What system is important in preventing edema?

Answer 13

lymphatic system

Question 14

Lymph is derived from?

Answer 14

interstitial fluid that flows into the lymphatics

Question 15

what is capillary hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 15

tends to force fluid outward through the capillary membrane

Question 16

what pressures cause net filtration?

Answer 16

capillary pressure and interstitial fluid pressure

Question 17

decreasing arteriole resistance and increasing venous pressure causes..

Answer 17

increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 18

Positive Interstitial pressure opposes

Answer 18

capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 19

what is Plasma colloid osmotic pressure?

Answer 19

pulls water into the capillary

Question 20

What conditions cause a decrease in plasma colloid osmotic pressure?

Answer 20

cirrhosis, nephrosis, and dilutional
-any diseases that cause a decrease in protein in the body

Question 21

What is interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure?

Answer 21

promotes filtration causing osmosis of fluid outward through the capillaries

Question 22

pressures that push fluid out, _______ filtration.

Answer 22

promote

Question 23

What substance is the main factor for colloid osmotic pressure?

Answer 23

Albumin

Question 24

What does Starling’s law of capillaries state?

Question 25

Reduced interstitial fluid formation will decrease..

Answer 25

filtration

Question 26

Changes to venous resistance affects filtration more than

Answer 26

arteriolar resistance

Question 27

Edema is

Answer 27

excessive amount of fluid in the interstitial compartment

Question 28

what are the four main causes of edema?

Answer 28

-increased capillary hydrostatic pressure -loss of plasma protein -obstruction of lymphatic circulation -increased capillary permeability

Question 29

Fluid balance is kept by what four things?

Answer 29

-thirst mechanism -antidiuretic hormone -aldosterone -atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 30

what type of fluid balance control has osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus?

Answer 30

thirst mechanism

Question 31

how does aldosterone keep fluid balance?

Answer 31

it determines the resorption of sodium ions and water

Question 32

Which mechanism of fluid balance promotes resorption of water into blood from kidney tubules?

Answer 32

antidiuretic

Question 33

Which type of fluid balance regulates fluid, sodium, and potassium levels?

Answer 33

atrial natriuretic peptide