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Block 6 > Ocular: Retina I > Flashcards

Ocular: Retina I Flashcards

1
Q

What is the “tunic” name for the retina?

A

Neural tunic

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2
Q

What are the first three cells of the visual pathway that are located in the retina?

A

-photoreceptors
-bipolar cells
-ganglion cells

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3
Q

How many layers are in the retina? Which are included in the neural tunic?

A

10, all except for retinal pigmented epithelium

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4
Q

What is the layer of the retina not included in neural tunic?

A

Retinal pigment epithelium

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5
Q

What is the role of the photoreceptors?

A

Absorb light photons and convert them into an electrochemical event through a process called phototransduction

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6
Q

Name of the process that converts light photons into electrochemical events:

A

Phototransduction

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7
Q

Two photoreceptors in the retina:

A

Rods and cones

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8
Q

Layers of the outer retina:

A

-photoreceptors layer
-external limiting membrane
-outer nuclear layer
-outer plexiform layer

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9
Q

Outer retinal layers all contain part of __________within the layer

A

A photoreceptor

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10
Q

If part of a photoreceptor is present then what is it supplied by what?

A

The choroidal vascular

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11
Q

Is the outer retina supplied by the central retinal vessels?

A

NO NO NO!!

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12
Q

How many cones are in the adult retina? Where are they located

A

5-6 million, 10% in fovea rest distributed

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13
Q

What are the cones responsible for?

A

Bright illumination (photopic) and color

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14
Q

Each cone contains ___ of ____ ____________

A

1 of 3 photopigments

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15
Q

Where are cones stored?

A

Disc membrane and are sensitive to different wavelengths

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16
Q

Are rods located in the fovea?

A

NO!!!!! DUHHHH

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17
Q

S cones:

A

-blue
-420 nm

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18
Q

M cones

A

-green
-534 nm

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19
Q

L cones

A

-red
-564nm

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20
Q

Outer segment of the cone is __________ shaped and contain…

A

Conoid shaped, contain folds with discs that have the photo pigment

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21
Q

Cilium

A

Bridging structure that connects the outer segment and the inner segment of the cone receptor

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22
Q

The inner segment of the cone contains:

A

Metabolic machinery for the cell

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23
Q

After the inner segment of the cone is the __________ and then the _______

A

Cell body, axon

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24
Q

After the axon of the cone, there is a portion called __________ that is the synaptic terminal of the cones

A

Pedicle

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25
Q

Spectral sensitivity of rods:

A

498nm

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26
Q

Where in the posterior pole are S cones absent?

A

Center of the fovea

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27
Q

How many rods are there?

A

92-120 million

28
Q

What are the rods responsible for?

A

Dim vision

29
Q

All of the rod contains the same photopigment called ___________ located in the ______ ____________

A

Rhodopsin, disc membrane

30
Q

Peak density of the rods are…

A

In a ring 4.5mm outside the fovea

31
Q

Name of the synaptic terminal in a rod:

32
Q

Layers of the inner retina:

A

-inner nuclear layer
-inner plexiform layer
-retinal ganglion cell layer
-retinal nerve fiber layer
-internal limiting membrane

33
Q

Retinal thickness ranges in topography:

A

80-320 microns

34
Q

Fovea thickness range in topography:

A

150-200 microns

35
Q

Foveal rim thickness on topography:

A

320 microns

36
Q

Equator thickness range on topography:

A

120-180 microns

37
Q

Ora serrata thickness in topography:

A

80 microns

38
Q

Central retina have a dense population of….

A

Cone photoreceptors

39
Q

Central retina is designed for…

A

Color vision and fine detail discrimination

40
Q

Other names from the central retina (3 names):

A

-posterior pole
-macula
-area centralis

41
Q

Peripheral retina has a dense population of…

A

Rod photoreceptors

42
Q

Peripheral retina is responsible for…

A

Night vision and motion detection

43
Q

Range of macula diameter:

A

5.5 to 6mm

44
Q

Macula is ___mm from temporal margin of optic disc and ___mm inferior to center of optic disc

A

3.5mm, 1mm

45
Q

What delineates the macula?

A

Vascular arcades

46
Q

Macula is the only area of the retina that contains….

A

More than 1 layer of retinal ganglion cells

47
Q

Macula contains high levels of….

A

Carotenoids

48
Q

What is the fovea and what is its diameter?

A

A central depression if the macula that is 1.5mm in diameter

49
Q

Walls of the fovea ______ giving rise to the….

A

Slope, light reflex (foveal reflex)

50
Q

Fovea is a ____-free zone

51
Q

How are the axons of cones oriented in the fovea and in which layer?

A

They are obliquely oriented in the outer plexiform layer

52
Q

Inner retinal layers of the fovea are displaced _______

53
Q

What is the foveola?

A

The central 350 microns of the fovea where there are dense packing of cones making them appear rod-like

54
Q

Foveola is the _______ region of the posterior pole

A

Thinnest (150-200 microns)

55
Q

Foveola may contain as many as ___ rows of cone nuclei

A

10 (outside macula there is only 1 layer!)

56
Q

Henle’s fiber layer contains…

A

Cone inner fibers that are oriented obliquely in the fovea

57
Q

Parafovea:

A

Ring that extends .5mm from the foveal rim that contains the highest amount of bipolar and retinal ganglion cells

58
Q

Perifovea:

A

Band that is 1.5mm outwards from parafovea where the retinal ganglion cell layer is reduced to 4 rows and ends when it only contains 1 row of retinal ganglion cells

59
Q

Peripheral retina terminates at the _____________

A

Ora serrata

60
Q

What occurs at the ora serrata?

A

Peripheral termination of the retina where it transitions into elements of the ciliary body

61
Q

At the ora serrata the RPE becomes…

A

Pigmented ciliary epithelium

62
Q

What does the neural retina turn into at the area serrata?

A

Non-pigmented ciliary epithelium

63
Q

Retinal vasculature becomes _______ within 1mm of the ora serrata

64
Q

Where does the ora serrata get its name?

A

Scalloped oral bays and dentate processes

65
Q

What spans the base of the ora serrata?

A

The vitreous base and it continues onto the retina for 2-3mm

Block 6 (27 decks)

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