Optics: Myopia Progression And Control

Question 1

Patients with ______myopia are likely to have a poorer quality of life.

Answer 1

Higher

Question 2

people with high myopia worry about cosmetic appearance because..

Answer 2

Lenses are thick and are expensive to get thinner ones

Question 3

25% of patients with myopia were likely to have ____ and _____

Answer 3

Depression and anxiety

Question 4

Qualitative myopia definitions are

Answer 4

Myopia, axial myopia, refractive myopia, and secondary myopia

Question 5

Myopia is

Answer 5

-Rays focus in front of retina
-due to long axial length or overly curved cornea
-nearsightedness

Question 6

Axial myopia

Answer 6

Greater than normal axial length

Question 7

Refractive myopia

Answer 7

Attributed to changes in the stricture or location of the image forming structure of the eye

Question 8

Secondary myopia

Answer 8

Single specific cause of myopia
-drugs, corneal disease

Question 9

Quantitative definitions of myopia are..

Answer 9

Myopia, low myopia, high myopia, pre-myopia

Question 10

Myopia (quantitative)

Answer 10

Spherical equivalent Refractive error of lower or equal to -0.50D

Question 11

Low myopia

Answer 11

Spherical refractive error of eye is between less than or equal to 0.50D and greater than -6.00 D

Question 13

High myopia

Answer 13

Spherical equivalent of eye is less than or equal to -6.00D

Question 14

Pre-myopia

Answer 14

Refractive state of eye is less than or equal to +0.75D and greater than -0.50D in children

Question 15

Pathological myopia range

Answer 15

Between - 5 (or equal) and -6 D

Question 16

What is the main risk factor for development of pathologic complications of myopia in adulthood?

Answer 16

Axial elongation

Question 17

Axial elongation is accompanied by

Answer 17

Thinning of the choroid and sclera

Question 18

Highest Myopia risk factor for age of onset

Answer 18

Less than 9 years old

Question 19

Highest myopia risk faster with myopic parents

Answer 19

Both parents have it

Question 20

Highest myopia risk factors for amount of outdoor time

Answer 20

Less outdoor time

Question 21

Highest myopia risk factor for doing close work

Answer 21

More close work

Question 22

Highest myopia risk factors for binocular vision disorders

Answer 22

Esophoria, high AC/C accommodation lag, intermittent exotropia

Question 23

In societies where children go to school and complete years of school, have what effect on the prevalence of myopia?

Answer 23

It increases

Question 24

Children that achieve higher grades in school tend to be ______ myopia

Answer 24

More

Question 25

Myopia prevalence _______ with college graduate and above education

Answer 25

Increases

Question 26

Children born in summer months are _____ myopic

Answer 26

More (RIP Leo’s) -could be if they start school earlier*

Question 27

Children that are not the first borns tend to be ___ myopic.

Answer 27

Less

Question 28

Low socioeconomic status patients were ___ likely to have myopia

Answer 28

More

Question 29

High complexity means..

Answer 29

Low socioeconomic status

Question 30

Plus lenses on the newborn chick eyes caused the eyes to

Answer 30

Grow shorter

Question 31

Minus lenses on newborn chick eyes caused the eyes

Answer 31

To grow longer

Question 32

Myopic defocus leads to

Answer 32

Choroid thickening and decreased sclera growth

Question 33

Choriodal thickening and decreased scleral growth leads to

Answer 33

Decreased virtuous chamber depth and induced hyperopia

Question 34

Myopia control may take two forms, what are they?

Answer 34

Decrease myopia progression or prevention of myopia onset

Question 35

Treatments for myopia include..

Answer 35

Slowing the eye growth not just focusing the image correctly

Question 36

Under correction has been shown to ____ myopia

Answer 36

Increase

Question 37

What spectacle designs are shown to be effective in slowing myopia progression?

Answer 37

-Essilor stellest -hoya miyosmart

Question 38

The principal behind DIMS( hoya, myosmart) is

Answer 38

That all the little plus circles all focus on the retina -myopic defocus in peripheral retina!!

Question 39

CARE(Zeisy’s, myoglass)lens have cylindrical tubes that

Answer 39

Correcting the peripheral retina because it more susceptible to myopia -HALT (essilor, stellest lens) does the same thing

Question 40

Orhtokeratology contact lenses have been found to

Answer 40

Low the growth of the eye

Question 41

_______ is the only FDA approved myopia control design in the US.

Answer 41

Mysight CL

Question 42

Mysight is using what kind of CLs

Answer 42

Dual focus

Question 43

Dual focus CLs are creating ..

Answer 43

Simultaneous defocus

Question 44

Dual focus CLs design:

Answer 44

Gradual increase in relative plus power toward the lens periphery

Question 45

What kind of drops are commonly used in ophthalmic myopic control?

Answer 45

Atropine -controversial in optometry

Question 46

Note the difference between treatment and management of myopia :)