Optics: Myopia Progression And Control Flashcards
Patients with ______myopia are likely to have a poorer quality of life.
Higher
people with high myopia worry about cosmetic appearance because..
Lenses are thick and are expensive to get thinner ones
25% of patients with myopia were likely to have ____ and _____
Depression and anxiety
Qualitative myopia definitions are
Myopia, axial myopia, refractive myopia, and secondary myopia
Myopia is
-Rays focus in front of retina
-due to long axial length or overly curved cornea
-nearsightedness
Axial myopia
Greater than normal axial length
Refractive myopia
Attributed to changes in the stricture or location of the image forming structure of the eye
Secondary myopia
Single specific cause of myopia
-drugs, corneal disease
Quantitative definitions of myopia are..
Myopia, low myopia, high myopia, pre-myopia
Myopia (quantitative)
Spherical equivalent Refractive error of lower or equal to -0.50D
Low myopia
Spherical refractive error of eye is between less than or equal to 0.50D and greater than -6.00 D
High myopia
Spherical equivalent of eye is less than or equal to -6.00D
Pre-myopia
Refractive state of eye is less than or equal to +0.75D and greater than -0.50D in children
Pathological myopia range
Between - 5 (or equal) and -6 D
What is the main risk factor for development of pathologic complications of myopia in adulthood?
Axial elongation
Axial elongation is accompanied by
Thinning of the choroid and sclera
Highest Myopia risk factor for age of onset
Less than 9 years old
Highest myopia risk faster with myopic parents
Both parents have it
Highest myopia risk factors for amount of outdoor time
Less outdoor time
Highest myopia risk factor for doing close work
More close work
Highest myopia risk factors for binocular vision disorders
Esophoria, high AC/C accommodation lag, intermittent exotropia
In societies where children go to school and complete years of school, have what effect on the prevalence of myopia?
It increases
Children that achieve higher grades in school tend to be ______ myopia
More
Myopia prevalence _______ with college graduate and above education
Increases
Children born in summer months are _____ myopic
More (RIP Leo’s)
-could be if they start school earlier*
Children that are not the first borns tend to be ___ myopic.
Less
Low socioeconomic status patients were ___ likely to have myopia
More
High complexity means..
Low socioeconomic status
Plus lenses on the newborn chick eyes caused the eyes to
Grow shorter
Minus lenses on newborn chick eyes caused the eyes
To grow longer
Myopic defocus leads to
Choroid thickening and decreased sclera growth
Choriodal thickening and decreased scleral growth leads to
Decreased virtuous chamber depth and induced hyperopia
Myopia control may take two forms, what are they?
Decrease myopia progression or prevention of myopia onset
Treatments for myopia include..
Slowing the eye growth not just focusing the image correctly
Under correction has been shown to ____ myopia
Increase
What spectacle designs are shown to be effective in slowing myopia progression?
-Essilor stellest
-hoya miyosmart
The principal behind DIMS( hoya, myosmart) is
That all the little plus circles all focus on the retina
-myopic defocus in peripheral retina!!
CARE(Zeisy’s, myoglass)lens have cylindrical tubes that
Correcting the peripheral retina because it more susceptible to myopia
-HALT (essilor, stellest lens) does the same thing
Orhtokeratology contact lenses have been found to
Low the growth of the eye
_______ is the only FDA approved myopia control design in the US.
Mysight CL
Mysight is using what kind of CLs
Dual focus
Dual focus CLs are creating ..
Simultaneous defocus
Dual focus CLs design:
Gradual increase in relative plus power toward the lens periphery
What kind of drops are commonly used in ophthalmic myopic control?
Atropine
-controversial in optometry
Note the difference between treatment and management of myopia :)
