Phys II - Intro to Endocrine

Question 1

What are the 2 systems that regulate the body’s internal enviornment?

Answer 1

• Nervous System
• Endocrine System

Question 2

Of the 2 systems that regulate the body, which if RAPID?

Answer 2

Nervous System

Question 3

Of the 2 systems that regulate the body which is involved in LONG TERM PROJECTS?

Answer 3

Endocrine System

Question 4

Chemical Messenger: Neural

Answer 4

Nerotransmitters relased at synaptic junctions

RAPID response

Question 5

Chemical messenger: Endocrine

Answer 5

Hormones relased from glands/cells

Hormones reach the circulating blood and influence the function of target cells some distance away

Question 6

Neuroendocrine invovles?

Answer 6

Secretion products from nerons (neurohormones)

they reach the circulating blood and influence function of traget cells some distance away

Question 7

Chemical messenger: PARACRINE

Answer 7

Cell secretion products diffuse into extracellular fluid

Affects NEIGHBORING target cells

(PARA - next to)

Question 8

AUTOCRINE

Answer 8

Cell secretion products

Affect functions of the SAME cell by binding to surface receptors

(AUTO - self)

Question 9

Chemical messenger: Cytokine

Answer 9

Secreted cell proteins

Function as:

• paracrines
• autocrines
• enocrines

They act on a broad spectrum of target cells

Question 10

Hormones

Answer 10

Greek meaning - To arouse or excite

chemical messengers speeding from cell to cell along the blood stream my coordinate activities/growth of different parts of the body

Question 11

What type of organs are involved in the edocrine system?

Answer 11

Organs whose primary functions is hormone production/release

there are other organs that secrete hormomes but it’s not their primary function

Question 12

What does the endocrine system try to maintian in homeostasis?

Answer 12

• Growth
• Development
• Reproduction
• Blood pressure
• Water & Electrolyte balance
• Behavior

“Long term projects”

Question 13

Major endocrine glands

Answer 13

• Pineal gland
• Pituitary gland
• Thyroid gland
• Parathyroid gland
• Thymus gland
• Pancreas
• Adrenal gland
• Ovaries/Testes

Question 14

Hormones

Answer 14

Chemical messengers with regulatory effects on cells/organs

Question 15

When endocrine glads secrete hormones, where are they released?

Answer 15

directly into TISSUE FLUIDS

NOT through ducts

“systemic effect” vs. “target tissue”

Question 16

Target Tissue

Answer 16

Specific tissue the hormones act on

Question 17

within the plasma membrane, cytoplasm or nuclues on target tissues where hormones bind

Answer 17

Receptor

Question 18

Cell with in the target tissue. Must have appropriate protein receptor for specific hormones to bind to them

Question 19

What happens when a protein hormone is bound to a target cell receptor?

Answer 19

Charateristic biological changes within the target cells

“A change in cell behavior”

Question 20

What are the 3 classifications of hormones?

Answer 20

• Proteins/Peptides
• Steriod
• Amines

Question 21

Protein/Peptide Hormones

Answer 21

Protein - 200 amino acids long

Peptide - as small as 3 aminio acids

Question 22

Steroid Hormones

Answer 22

Derivative of cholesterol

Question 23

Amines

Answer 23

Derivatives of tyrosine

Hormones from the thyroid gland (thyroxine, triiodothyronine)

Hormones from the adrenal medulla (epinephrine, norepinephrine)

Question 24

What is the name for a hormome that is synthesized as inactive and is only activeated before or after release?

Answer 24

Prohormone

Question 25

Which classification of hormone is the predominat hormone of the body?

Answer 25

Protein/Peptide Hormones

Question 26

Which classification of hormone is water-soluble?

Answer 26

Protein/Peptide Hormones

Question 27

Which classification of hormone is stored in endocrine cells until needed?

Answer 27

Protein/Peptide Hormone

Question 28

Which classification of hormone acts as a second messenger, activates enzymes and it's function is for **CELL ACTIVITY AND METABOLISM**?

Answer 28

Protein Hormones

Question 29

Which classification of hormone is fat lipid base and can move easily through a membrane?

Answer 29

Steroid Hormone

Question 30

Which classification of hormone is hydrophobic and Lipophilic?

Answer 30

Steroid Hormone

Question 31

Which classification of hormone is NOT stored in a cell and travels to it's target cells via a special **carrier protein**?

Answer 31

Steriod hormone

Question 32

What is the "path" of a protein hormone?

Answer 32

protein hormone synthesized ---\> stored in an endocrine cell **inactive** until needed ---\> once needed the hormone binds to a target cell receptor on/in the cell membrane ---\> hormone activates membrane enzyme ---\> Stimulation of that enzyme results in synthesis of the **second messenger** ---\> target enzymes within the cell will be activated and will run cellular processes (**_change cell behavior_**)

Question 33

What is the "path" of a steriod hormone?

Answer 33

Steriod hormone synthesized ---\> Hormone travels to a target cell **attached to a carrie protein** (rember they're hydrophobic and don't like water) ---\> Hormone will pass through the cell membrane of the target cell -\> Hormones bind to receptors/genes **inside the cell** (cytoplasm or nucleus) ---\> Hormones will switch on genes ---\> Genes will synthesize proteins **(CELL IS MAKING PROTEINS)**

Question 34

What is the term for the **response** on an endocrine gland that secretes a hormone and the response will change the rate of secretion of that hormone?

Answer 34

Feedback mechanisms