PHYS 5 renal control of Acid-base balance

Question 1

why care about pH?

alter what?

Answer 1

Question 2

metabolic acid sources?

elimination via?

how much of a change in H does it take to halve H+ concentration?

Answer 2

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

body buffer systems

instantaneous ones?

minutes-hours?

hours?

hours-days?

Answer 4

Question 5

what happens at the pK point?

Answer 5

Question 6

CO2 is transported as what mainly?

Hb?

plasma proteins?

Answer 6

Question 7

ICF and ECF in acidemia vs alkalemia

Answer 7

Question 8

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

what is the formula?

when it comes to the body what numbers are used in what places? what variables are still there?

what log ratio would mean you always get a normal pH?

Answer 8

Question 9

ventilatory rate effect on pH

what would the graph (curve) look like?

what is the reason?

Answer 9

Question 10

renal reabsorption of bicarbonate

mostly happens where?

where else?

how much total?

Answer 10

Question 11

reabsorption of filtered bicarbonate in proximal tubules?

how across apical side?

basal?

Answer 11

Question 12

Primary causes of increased H+ secretion

secondary?

Hypokalemia (why does it increase acid secretion?)

decreased H+ secretion? primary secondary?

Hyperkalemia?

Answer 12

Question 13

Phosphate buffering of secreted hydrogen ions?

this regenerates what?

Answer 13

Question 14

production, transport, and excretion of ammonia by nephron

start with what?

end with what?

what transporter where?

Answer 14

Question 15

alpha and beta-intercalated cells

secretes what? reabsorbs what?

“new” bicarbonate is generated how?

Answer 15

Question 16

Net acid excretion?

must equal?

what makes up NAE?

why is one not just included with the other one?

Answer 16

Question 17

Answer 17

Question 18

Answer 18

Question 19

acid-base nomogram

Answer 19

Question 20

metabolic acidosis with compensation and correction

cause is either?

causing?

compensation?

correction?

Answer 20

Question 21

anion gap of plasma what would happen if we decreased HCO3-?

normal gap?

Answer 21

Question 22

causes of metabolic acidosis

two mnemonics
each for what?

Answer 22

salicylate poisoning is metabolic acidosis but also cause respiratory alkalosis

metabolic acidosis with increase the anion gap

Question 23

Answer 23

these are renal tube acidosis

Question 24

type 4 leads to?

why common?

Answer 24

Type 4

low aldo goes to high K goes to low NH3 synthesis. common due to ACE inhibitors decreasing Aldo present

Question 25

metabolic acidosis symptoms

mild?

less than 7.1?

long deep breaths at normal rate means?

Answer 25

Question 26

addition or loss of?

lead to?

compensation? correction?

Answer 26

Question 27

causes of metabolic alkalosis

mnemonic?

Answer 27

Question 28

Answer 28

Question 29

Metabolic alkalosis symptoms

if mild?

more severe?

Answer 29

Question 30

Respiratory acidosis

change in what?

causes?

compensation?

Answer 30

Question 31

causes of respiratory acidosis

mnemonic?

acute?

chronic?

Answer 31

anything that makes it harder to breath

drugs can do this

Question 32

respiratory acidosis symptoms

acute (or acutely worsening chronic)?

slowly developing, stable?

Answer 32

Question 33

Respiratory alkalosis

what changes?

leads to?

compensation?

Answer 33

Question 34

causes of respiratory alkalosis?

mnemonic?

Answer 34

hypoxia like from high altitude or pneumonia or pulmonary embolism

Question 35

respiratory alkalosis symptoms?

acute respiratory alkalosis?

chronic?

Answer 35

Question 36

henderson-hasselbalch equations math

if given pH and PCO2?

if given pH and HCO3-

Answer 36

Question 37

winters formula for metabolic acidosis?

metabolic alkalosis formula?

(if hypokalemia nd urine Cl- is what?)

respiratory acidosis

(acute/chronic)

respiratory alkalosis

(acute/chronic)

Answer 37