PHYS 1 Secretions of the GI tract Flashcards
Saliva
produced where?
functions? (3)
3 major salivary glands?
P composed of? secrete? percentage of saliva? (daily)
SS composed of? secrete? percentage? (daily)
structure of salivary glands
different regions? (4)
A secrete what?
M have what? function?
I saliva here is what?
structure of salivary gland (cont.)
s lined by?
these do what to saliva?
how?
saliva is composed of?
compared to plasma saliva is?
increased concentrations of?
decreased concentrations of?
absoption/secretion?
whats the picture on the right?
two main steps in formation of saliva?
mechanisms of salivary secretion
combined action is?
more absorption or secretion?
Transport mechanisms? (lumen/basolateral)
how does saliva become hypotonic as it flows through the duct?
along with the transport
innervation salivary glands
PSNS?
SNS?
type of nerve?
Regulation of salivary secretion by ANS
Pathway
PSNS to saliva. +/- stim? what are the specific nerves? receptors? what can block signal? causes what?
SNS specific nerves? receptors? cause what?
which pathway more active?
stim of salivary cells results in?
role of hormone/steroid?
2 unusual features in the regulation of salivary secretion?
cells of gastric mucosa secrete?
main components? (5)
H initiates? necessary for? does what?
P?
M does what?
I required for?
H2 role?
gastric mucosa divided into?
O located where? does what? (cells?)
P located where? does what? (cells?)
what secrete components of gastric juice?
A major function of the parietal cells?
what determines maximal secretory rate?
formed where?
function of this?
cellular mechanism of HCl secretion by gastric parietal cells
apical side? basolateral side?
whats alkaline tide?
result?
where does H and HCO3 come from? another way to write this reaction?
two-component model of gastric secretion
gastric juice can be seen as a mixture of what?
N what is it comprised of? when secreted? primary constituents? concentration of them? specific secretion concentration? what molecule?
P osmolarity? contains? anions? secretion rate increases then what?
knowing composition of gastric juice required for treatment of what?
cell or nerve
neurotransmitter/molecule
receptor
intermediates
work on what?
inhibitors? used to treat?
gastric HCl secretion 3 phases?
C via?
G (3)
I (2)
mechanisms for stimulating acid secretion per gastric phase
stimulus? and causes stimulation at parietal cell?
cephalic phase
accounts for how much total HCL secreted in response to meal?
stimuli?
mechanisms? (2)
what would abolish this phase?
Gastric phase
acounts for how much of total HCl in response to meal?
stimuli?
mechanisms? (4)
what also stimulates gastric HCl secretion?
Intestine phase
accounts for how much of total HCl secreted in response to a meal
mechanisms (2)
pepsinogen secreted when?
secreted by?
requires?
most important stimuli for secretion?
H triggers?
Pepsin is able to do what?
pepsin does what?
also converts?
optimal pH is between?
reversible inactivation?
irreversible?
intrinsic factor required for? where?
what is it?
binds to?
only secretion that is?
failure to secrete associated with?
pathology
if stomach does not produce enough IF?
with failure to secrete IF?
what happens
common causes?
(2)
B12 not absorbed
growth of gastric mucosa
what protects gastric mucosal epithelium against HCl and pepsin?
this is made up of?
where do they come from?
Growth of the gastric mucosa
what protect the gastric mucosa? (6)
what damage it? (7)
how old is H. pylori?
it is ancient
5300-year-old H.pylori genome in an iceman
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?
what is it?
caused by? where?
causes? which causes?
once in duodenum|?
what causes what to be inactivated? this is called?
Secretin stimulation test
secretin used in what?
normal conditions?
abnormal? this is found in?
what might the graph of minutess to gastrin secretion look like?
peptic ulcer disease
predominant causes?
could be result of? (3)
two types?
what does Helicobacter pylori do?
how?
what allows this bacteria to colonize gastric mucosa?
why?
production of what believed to be a major cause of cytotoxicity?
diagnostic test is based on?
gastric ulcers
form where?
form mainly because?
Duodenal ulcers
form where?
usually do not become?
what is abnormal?
which is more common?
malignant means get worse
pancreatic juice contains?
exocrine pancreas innervated by?
SNS
from where?
PSNS
pre/post synapse where?
SNS/PSNS stimulate or inhibit?
secretions of exocrine pancreas
two main components?
organized like?
A does what?
d does what?
enzymatic secretion by?
active enzymes?
inactive enzymes? converted active where?
Aqueous secretion by?
secrete what? that does what?
initial secretion is modified by?
modification of initial pancreatic secretion by what cells?
Luminal side? transporters?
basolateral side transporters?
paracellular transport?
net result?
pathology pancreas
mutation of what can cause what?
what side is it on?
organ to fail?
some CFTR mutations associated with?
what may be lost?
may lead to?
pancreatic secretion divided into what phases?
C initiated by?
mediated by? produces??
G initiated by? mediated by?
produces??
I accounts for?
secretions??
regulation of pancreatic secretion during intestinal phase
(enzymes)
positive regulators?
stim what?
which stims? via?
what potentiates?
what path in what cell lead to enzymes release?
Regulation of pancreatic secretion during intestinal phase?
(aqueous secretion)
what stimulates?
what cell does it stimulate?
which secretes?
acts on what cell? which pathway does this cell use?
potentiates?
then releases?
pancreatic secretions are isotonic
