GA 1 Abdominal blood vessels and nerves

Question 1

Aorta and relationships

where does it enter the abdomen?

ends?

retro/peritoneal?

descends anterior to?

superior to inferior important anterior relations of abdominal aorta?

Answer 1

• Enters via the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm at T12
• Ends at L4 by dividing into right & left common iliac arteries
• Retroperitoneal
• Descends anterior to the bodies of T12-L4
• From superior to inferior, the important anterior relations of the abdominal aorta are the:
  
  • Autonomic plexi and ganglia
  • Body of the pancreas
  • Splenic vein
  • Left renal vein
  • Horizontal part of the duodenum
  • Coils of small intestine

Question 2

Branches of the Aorta (abdominal)

three types?

the vascular planes?

Unpaired visceral?

paired visceral?

paired parietal?

Answer 2

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

1. A 35-year-old man suffers sharp abdominal pain accompanied by hematemesis (vomiting of blood) for 2 days. He dies without seeking medical help. Autopsy findings reveal a perforated ulcer in the posterior wall of the first part of the duodenum, which damaged the artery in close proximity. Which of the following arteries was most likely ruptured?
2. A 43-year-old woman is admitted to a hospital because of deep abdominal pain in her epigastric region. On examination, it is observed that a retroperitoneal infection erodes an artery that runs along the superior border of the pancreas. Which of the following arteries is likely injured?
3. An elderly man with a known large abdominal aortic aneurysm presents to the emergency department with acute severe and diffuse pain in his abdomen. The physician performing the evaluation considers mesenteric ischemia, a life-threatening disease, as a possible etiology. Which of the following organs may be spared from ischemia in the presence of an occlusive lesion in the celiac trunk?

Question 5

Celiac trunk

name the branches?

do black bars pictures

Answer 5

Question 6

Celiac trunk variations

what does this mean?

Answer 6

Question 7

blood supply to the liver

Answer 7

Question 8

Vascular variations to the liver

two differences for left and right hepatic arteries?

relationship of () hepatic artery to portal vein?

Answer 8

Question 9

type of blood supply to the liver?

types?

sustains?

Answer 9

Question 10

Blood supply to liver

structures from 1.?

in 2 what are the structures and explain the function and flow

Answer 10

Question 11

Blood supply to the gallbladder

black bars?

this is normal presentation

how much percent?

what are the other possible configurations?

rough percentages?

Answer 11

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

blood supply to pancreas

Answer 13

Question 14

1. A 19-year-old man with a ruptured appendix is sent to the emergency department for surgery. To cut off the blood supply to the appendix (if collateral circulation is discounted), a surgeon should ligate which artery?
2. A 9-year-old girl has crashed into her neighbor’s brick fence while riding her bike and is brought to the emergency department with a great deal of abdominal pain. Her radiogram and angiogram show laceration of the superior mesenteric artery immediately distal to the origin of the middle colic artery. If collateral circulation is discounted, which of the following organs may become ischemic?
3. After detection of occult blood in the feces of a 68-year-old man, radiologic imaging and a sigmoidocopy reveal diverticula of the mucous membrane of the sigmoid colon. During the surgical procedure to repair the diverticula, an artery was accidentally ligated causing ischemia to the descending colon. Which artery was most likely ligated?

Question 15

SMA

branches?

black bars?

Answer 15

Question 16

Common variations in the SMA?

(4)

Answer 16

Question 17

SMA can compress what when?

what can show?

Answer 17

the compressing of the 3rd part of the duodenum is SMA syndrome.

Renal vein entrapment syndrome compression of the left renal vein is referring to the nutcracker syndrome (somewhat looks like a nutcracker (vein is the nut)

Question 18

IMA

branches?

black bars?

Answer 18

Question 19

Rectal arteries

three named rectal arteries. where do they come from?

Answer 19

Question 20

Main point of this picture is:

what are the veins of the rectum?

other black bars as well

Answer 20

Question 21

Hemorrhoids

types?

each type characteristics?

blood?

pain?

Answer 21

Question 22

IVC

begins where?

runs where?

which side?

pass through the diaphragm?

length compared to aorta?

Answer 22

Question 23

Answer 23

Question 24

portal vein

what branch can change location? what are the locations?

Answer 24

Question 25

Portal-Caval anastomoses

how many?

what are they?

what is anastomosing?

Answer 25

Question 26

portal hypertension

name the portal locations and name of disease in images?

Answer 26