BCHM 1 liver biochemistry Flashcards
Liver cell types?
H?
E?
K?
HS?
PC?
C?
functions of the liver
primary?
metabolism?
biosynthesis of?
functions of the liver
biosynthesis of? not related to metabolism directly
important function?
central what center?
major role of liver?
what happens to substance that is useful to body?
harmful product?
Structural adaptations
unique circulation
blood pressure of this?
structural features:
lack of?
haps between?
fenestrations?
all these allow????
features of isoprenoids
start from?
then go to with addition of?
this molecule can then go to?
sources of Acetyl CoA
generated in?
from what pathways?
transported from mitochondria via?
what is a sterane ring?
made from what?
structure of cholesterol
what type of compound?
how many carbons?
what hydroxyl group where?
cholesterol
component of what?
precursor of?
intake? production?
excreted/ reabsorbed?
biosynthesis compared to intake?????
synthesis of cholesterol
reactants?
PHase 1 cholesterol synthesis
generation of what from what?
enzymes?
rate-limiting?
cholesterol synthesis phase II
start with end with?
intermediate?
inhibitor?
uses what at each step?
target for regulation of cholesterol synthesis?
via?
what side is it attacked?
how many pass through membrane?
Inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase?
these would do what?
example given?
if it has statin in the name…
Statins
lower cholesterol how much?
prevent?
type of inhibitor?
hypocholeterolemic action due to what leads to????
myotoxic side effects?
what will increase this?
fate of cholesterol
packaged into?
all tissues?
liver?
regulation of cholesterol synthesis
regulated via effects on?
direct inhibition?
covalent mod?
insulin?
transcriptional control???
translational?
post-translationaL?
transcriptional control
HMG CoA reductase has what in promoter?
what bind that?
slow vs more active froms?
Late-stage inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis
Antimycotics?
antiestrogens?
epileptogenic drug?
antipsychotic drugs?
what enzyme degrade sterane ring of cholesterol?
cholesterol and bile excreted?
cholesterol converted to what in liver? stored as?
bile made of?
acids and salts help?
strong detergents do what?
bile acids and salts come from?
made where? released where? stored where?
emulsification by bile salts
synthesis of bile acids
start with?
committed step?
enzyme?
synthesis of bile acids
what acids formed from 7a-Hydroxycholesterol?
conjugation of bile acids?
addition of what to cholic acid gives what?
better detergent effect with what?
rank off this the better detergents?
primary bile acids and their conjugated bile acids
Bile acid vs Bile salt?
secondary bile acids?
each derived from?
primary bile salts used in? to do?
what makes secondary acids?
these then do what?
another way of cholesterol lowering? (bile)
example?
these do what? and cause?
Gallstones
what are they?
Cholelithiasis caused by?
chronic disturbance in bile salt metab leads to? and deficiency in?
waste management
liver primary site for conversion and or degradation of?
(2)
inactivation and detoxification of xenobiotics
phase I does what?
phase II does what?
catalyzed by?
Cytochrome P450 enzymes
contain?
co-localize with?
rate limiting?
metab of?
inducible by????
drug metab by?
CYP and drug interaction
CYP do what to drugs?
so if inhibited?
if stimulated?
diseases of the liver
important for this lecture?
