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My CP 2 > Phys 1 > Flashcards

Phys 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the state of the Na+ channel in: resting, activated, inactivated?

A
  1. Activation gate is closed, inactivation gate is open
  2. Activation gate is open, inactivation gate is open
  3. Activation gate is open, inactivation gate is closed
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2
Q

What is the order of the Conduction System?

A
  1. Sa Node
  2. AV Node
  3. Bundle of His
  4. Right/Left Bundle Branches
  5. Purkinje Fibers
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3
Q

The SA Node works to…

A

create an AP that spreads throughout the atria to elicit their contraction (usually right a little bit ahead of the left)

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4
Q

Atrial myocytes and Ventricular myocytes are…

A

separated from each other. This means that a depolarization of the SA Node to the atrial myocytes should not spread to the ventral myocytes (AP must go through AV Node to reach ventricular myocytes).

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5
Q

Are Purkinje fibers or myocytes larger? Why does this matter?

A
  1. PF
  2. The PFs/Bundle of His will conduct the AP at a faster rate

*the larger the fiber, the faster the AP transmission

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6
Q

The cells that ____ last are the first to ____.

A

depolarize, repolarize

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7
Q

How does depolarization/repolarization differ in what layers they move through first/second?

A
  1. Depolarization: interior (endo) to exterior (epi)

2. Repolarization: exterior (epi) to interior (endo)

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8
Q

Rank these fastest to slowest for AP Transmission:

AV Node, Atrial/Ventricular muscle, PFs

A
  1. PFs
  2. Atrial/Ventricular muscle
  3. AV Node
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9
Q

What is the purpose of the delay of the AV Node (why it’s the slowest)?

A

It allows the atria to have extra time to contract, and to “top off” the ventricles; meaning ventricles reach peak volume of blood

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10
Q

What cells can make an AP? At what pace?

A

SA Node > AV Node > PFs

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11
Q

What is the RMP of Ventricle? Atrium? SA Node

A
  1. -90 +/- -5
  2. -90 +/- -5
  3. -65 +/- -5
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12
Q

Na+ (m)

  1. Ek
  2. Activated when
  3. Action
  4. Phase
  5. Special Features
A
  1. +30mV
  2. Membrane potential crosses threshold
  3. Opens
  4. 0, 1
  5. Very fast generation of depolarization then automatically closes allowing partial repolarization
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13
Q

K+ (a)

  1. Ek
  2. Activated when
  3. Action
  4. Phase
  5. Special Features
A
  1. -90mV
  2. Cell depolarizes
  3. Opens
  4. 1
  5. Very rapid partial repolarization

*Transient outward current

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14
Q

Ca2+

  1. Ek
  2. Activated when
  3. Action
  4. Phase
  5. Special Features
A
  1. +40mV
  2. Cell depolarizes
  3. Opens
  4. 2, 3
  5. Slow to open and remains open for a determined amount of time then opens helping with phase 3

*L type

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15
Q

K+ (b)

  1. Ek
  2. Activated when
  3. Action
  4. Phase
  5. Special Features
A
  1. -90mV
  2. Cell depolarizes
  3. Closes
  4. 2, 3
  5. Slow to close and remains closed for a determined amount of time then opens helping with phase 3 (special rectifiers)
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16
Q

K+ (c)

  1. Ek
  2. Activated when
  3. Action
  4. Phase
  5. Special Features
A
  1. -90mV
  2. Remains open
  3. Remains open
  4. 4
  5. Leak channel which maintains resting potential
17
Q

Na+ (f)

  1. Ek
  2. Activated when
  3. Action
  4. Phase
  5. Special Features
A
  1. +30mV
  2. SA or AV Node depolarize
  3. Opens
  4. 4
  5. Specific to SA/AV Node where it causes slow depolarization during resting phase
18
Q

Kd

A
  • volatage gated channels
  • all phase 3 events involved

*NOT K+ leak channels

19
Q

What channels did he mention are sensitive to acetylcholine?

A

Kb channels (has a parasympathetic effect)

20
Q

Phase 3 is essentially a ____ of phase 1.

A

reversal

21
Q

What is equilibrium potential?

A

it equals a little less than RMP

22
Q

What phase is the plateau phase?

A

2 –> purpose is to prolong contraction, and is fundamentally different than skeletal muscle

23
Q

Conduction velocity usually relates to…

A

your phase 0 slope

24
Q

AV Block

A

AV node damage that further delays conduction

25
Q

Arrhythmias

A

Purkinje fiber damage that disrupts the natural conduction and contraction of ventricles

26
Q

Relative Refractory Period

A

AP can be generated, but will have an abnormal conduction (phase 0 is tipped to not propogate the next AP at the same speed)

27
Q

Supranormal Period

A

the cell is more excitable than normal

28
Q

Chronotropic

A

-effect changes rate of depolarization of SA node, and therefore HR
+ –> increased HR
- –> decreased HR (slowed Na+ f channels during phase 4; hyper polarization by increasing outward K+ current via K+ Ach channel)

29
Q

Dromotropic

A

-effect is speed of condition
+ –> faster conduction
- –> slower conduction (reduced Ca2+ inward current; increased outward K+ current via K+ Ach)

30
Q

Inotropic

A

effect changes the strength of muscular contraction

+ –> heart contracts more forcefully

31
Q

Lusitropic

A

effect changes the rate of muscular relaxation

32
Q

What regions get parasympathetic innervation?

A
  • SA node and AV node
  • acetylcholine goes to receptors M2 or M3
  • leads to decreased HR
33
Q

Which has a longer Relative refractory period: neurons or cardiac cells?

A

cardiac

34
Q

What is the purpose of the refractor period?

A

to prevent arrhythmias

My CP 2 (20 decks)

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