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My CP 2 > DSA > Flashcards

DSA Flashcards

1
Q

Where are cell bodies located in the CNS? PNS?

A
  1. Nuclei

2. Ganglia

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2
Q

What factors lead to faster conduction velocity?

A
  1. More myelination
  2. Greater diameter

*both of these correlate with lower threshold

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3
Q

Axo-dendritic

A
  • most common
  • synapse between the presynaptic terminal of an axon and the post-synaptic membrane of a dendrite
  • Usually excitatory
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4
Q

Neuromuscular Juncion

A
  • synapse between the presynaptic terminal of an axon and the specialized motor end plate of skeletal muscle
  • used as the model for all synapses because of accessibility
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5
Q

Does a reflex require the spinal cord, brain, or both?

A

just spinal cord

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6
Q

What NT is released by the pre-ganglionic cells in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Acetylcholine

*it binds the nAchR on the post-ganglionic dendrites (same for sympathetic)

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7
Q

varicosities

A

swellings

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8
Q

What type of receptor does acetylcholine bind on a parasympathetic post ganglionic cell?

A

mAchR

*this activates a secondary messenger system

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9
Q

What NT does a sympathetic post ganglionic axon release? What receptors does it bond?

A
  1. norepinephrine

2. alpha and beta adrenergic

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10
Q

alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

A
  • metabotropic receptors

- have different effects in the body when NE binds

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11
Q

Parasympathetic: NT? Receptors?

A
  1. Ach

2. mAch and nAch

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12
Q

Sympathetic: NT? Receptors?

A
  1. Epi, NE, DA
  2. alpha (cardiac and smooth muscle glands) , beta (cardiac and smooth muscle glands) nAch, mAch (sweat glands), dopamine (renal vascular smooth m)
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13
Q

4 steps of cholinergic neurotransmission

A

Act synthesis, storage, release, destruction

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14
Q

Release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla is what type of process?

A

sympathetic q

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15
Q

4 steps of Adrenergic nerve terminal

A

synthesis, storage, release, reuptake

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16
Q

Reserpine does what?

A

blocks VMAT-2*

*functions to transport NE, Epi, DA, and serotonin into vesicles

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17
Q

Cocaine does what?

A

blocks NE transporter*

*serves to import NE into the nerve terminal (this increases [NE] in synapse)

18
Q

What are the agonists (activators) of alpha 1? 2?

A
  1. Epi is greater than or equal to NE

2. Epi is greater than or equal to NE

19
Q

What are the agonists (activators) of beta 1? 2? 3?

A
  1. Epi=NE
  2. Epi&raquo_space; NE
  3. NE > Epi
20
Q

Where do we find alpha 1 receptors?

A

VASCULAR, GU smooth muscle, liver, intestinal smooth muscle, HEART

-contraction

21
Q

Where do we find alpha 2 receptors?

A

Pancreatic beta cells, platelets, nerve terminal VASCULAR smooth muscle

-contraction

22
Q

Where do we find beta 1 receptors?

A

Juxtaglomerular cells, HEART

-contraction

23
Q

Where do we find beta 2 receptors?

A

Smooth muscle (VASCULAR, GI, GU), SKELETAL muscle

-relaxation

24
Q

Where do we find beta 3 receptors?

A

Adipose tissue

-lipolysis

25
Q

The big three:

  1. Alpha 1
  2. Beta 2
  3. Muscarinic
A
  1. stimulate contraction of all smooth muscle; vascular smooth muscle–>vasoconstriction
  2. relax smooth muscle–>vasodilation
  3. contract smooth muscle
26
Q

What sympathetic receptor is associated with smooth muscle of blood vessel innervation? parasympathetic?

A
  1. alpha 1
  2. NONE*

*BVs will relax in response to para release of Ach IF the endothelium is intact

27
Q

How does BP change in response to phenylephrine? histamine?

A
  1. increases baroreceptor, para nervous system; decreases sym nervous system
  2. decreases baroreceptor, para nervous system; increases sym nervous system
28
Q

Where does epinephrine synthesis occur?

A

adrenal medulla, and a few pathways in the brainstem

29
Q

What receptors do we find at sweat glands?

A

mAChR—>sweat secretion

30
Q

M1

a. Location
b. Structural Features
c. Mxn

A

a. CNS, ganglia
b. GPCR, Gq/11
c. PLC activation—>IP3

31
Q

M2

a. Location
b. Structural Features
c. Mxn

A

a. Heart, nerves, smooth m.
b. GPCR, Gi/o
c. AC inhibition–>decreased cAMP, K+ channel activation
* parasympathetic

32
Q

M3

a. Location
b. Structural Features
c. Mxn

A

a. glands, smooth m., endothelium
b. GPCR, Gq/11
c. PLC activation—>IP3
* parasympathetic

33
Q

M4

a. Location
b. Structural Features
c. Mxn

A

a. CNS
b. GPCR, Gi/o
c. AC inhibition–>decreased cAMP, K+ channel activation

34
Q

M5

a. Location
b. Structural Features
c. Mxn

A

a. CNS
b. GPCR, Gq/11
c. PLC activation—>IP3

35
Q

Nm

a. Location
b. Structural Features
c. Mxn

A

a. Skeletal m., NMJ
b. Ligand gated ion channel
c. N+, K+ depolarizing ion channel

36
Q

Nn

a. Location
b. Structural Features
c. Mxn

A

a. Postganglionic cell body, dendrites, CNS
b. Ligand gated ion channel
c. N+, K+ depolarizing ion channel

37
Q

What is the function of NET and DAT?

A

They help with reuptake of catecholamine into nerve terminals

38
Q

What are cholinomimetic agents?

A
  • drugs that mimic ACh

ex. AChR agonists, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

39
Q

What are sympathomimetic agents?

A

-drugs that mimi or enhance alpha/beta receptor stimulation

40
Q

What are adrenoceptor blocking drugs?

A

-alpha and beta receptor antagonists

My CP 2 (20 decks)

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