PHYLUM PORIFERA Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key traits of the metazoa?

A

Fully multicellular
Ability to move
Collagen
Heterotrophy (able to consume large-bodied organisms)

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2
Q

How is the Phylum Porifera different from the rest of the Metazoans?

A
Cellular level of organization (no true tissues)
No mouth/gut
No organs/organ system
No circulatory system
No clear axes of symmetry
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3
Q

What is the name of the sub-kingdom for the Phylum Porifera?

A

Parazoa

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4
Q

Defining traits of the Phylum Porifera:

A

1) water canal system

2) mesohyl

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5
Q

What are the parts of the water canal system of the Phylum Porifera?

A

ostia (many incurrent pores)
Oscula (large excurrent pores)
Spongocoel

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6
Q

How are the three body plans of the sponges?

A

Ascon type: single flagellated pumping cavity
Sycon type: many flagellated canals radiate from the spongocoel
Leucon: many flagellated chambers connect by passive canals

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7
Q

What are pinacocytes and why are they not considered as true epithelium?

A

For the pinacoderm. Inner and outer body covering. Not considered as true epithelium because they lack

1) basal lamina
2) intercellular junctions
3) apical-basal polarity
4) ability as a layer to regulate ion levels

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8
Q

What are archaeocytes?

A

Amoeboid cells that can transform into any cell type (totipotent). Special amoebocytes make spicules and spongin fibers (collagen) some may transport food and eggs

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9
Q

What are myocytes?

A

Contractile cells that encircle the oscula and flagellated chambers. Can open and close the oscula in response to the environment stimuli

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10
Q

What are choanocytes?

A

Collar cells. Form the choanocyte layer. Function in pumping and feeding: a ring of microvilli surrounds the flagellum. The flagellum has a vane like the choanoflagellates flagellum.

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11
Q

What are porocytes?

A

A tubular cell. Forms the ostia in some group

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12
Q

How does the choanocyte feed?

A

Phagocytize very tiny particles
Microvilli traps the particles
Pinocytes and amoebocytes may also phagocytize food particle
Some are predatory and hook spicules acts like velcro

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13
Q

How do sponges reproduce?

A

Both asexual (budding and fragmentation) and sexual

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14
Q

What are the three classes of Porifera and differentiate them.

A

Calcarea: has calcareous spicules, no spongin, small
Demospongiae: silica spicules, some have spongin, most successful of the three classes
Hexactinellida: “glass sponges”, mostly found in deep sea. Has an odd “modified leucon” canal system

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