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ZOOL 250 > PHYLUM CNIDARIA > Flashcards

PHYLUM CNIDARIA Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main classes of the Phylum Cnidarians?

A

Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Anthozoa

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2
Q

What are the two body forms that predominate in the phylum?

A

polyp (benthic)

Medusa (pelagic)

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3
Q

What are the key characteristics of the basic body plans of all cnidarians?

A

Radial Symmetry
The gut has one opening (mouth only, no anus)
Tentacles (hollow or solid) surround the end bearing the mouth
Gastrovascular cavity with associated canals

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4
Q

What are the functions of the tentacles?

A

Digestion

Distribution of nutrients

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5
Q

Cnidarians exhibit a true ______________.

A

Tissue level of organization

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6
Q

How are Cnidarians considered diploblastic?

A

Their body is composed of two tissue layers:

Epidermis (outer) and gastrodermis (inner) are true epithelial tissues

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7
Q

Describe the middle layer of the Cnidarians?

A

Mesoglea is mostly noncellular and not true tissue (simple basal lamina or massive and gelatinous)

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8
Q

Describe the cnidocyte cell.

A

Derived from the gastrodermal interstitial cells. And bears the nematocyst (capsule with inverted coiled tube & operculum) and cnidocil (sensory cilium)

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9
Q

What is the function of the nematocyst?

A

May aid in feeding (mainly), defense and agression and is used only once so the body has to regenerate

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10
Q

What is an ephithilio-muscular cell?

A

Epithelial cells with basal myofibrils and functions as the skin and muscle.

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11
Q

Differentiate the difference between the myofibrils found in the epidermis and gastrodermis.

A

Myofibrils are longitudinal in epidermis and circular in gastrodermis.

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12
Q

What are interstitial cells?

A

Totipotent cells which produce gametes and cnidocytes.

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13
Q

What are receptor cells?

A

Often have sensory cilium with no myofibrils

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14
Q

Describe the nerve cells found int he cnidarians.

A

Form a loosely organized note with no myofibrils

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15
Q

What are gland cells?

A

Gland cells are found mainly in the gastrodermis. They have no myofibrils.

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16
Q

What are amoeboid cells?

A

Mobile cells in mesoglea found in the epidermis of the Scyphozoa.

17
Q

Describe the polyp phase of the Hydrozoa.

A 
Cylindrical polyp form
Simple mouth & pharynx
No gastrovascular septae
No gastric filaments with cnidocytes
Solid tentacle form
18
Q

Describe the medusa phase of the hydrozoans?

A 
Has velum
Simple bell margin
Simple manubrium
Unbranched gastrovascular canals
No gastric filaments with cnidocytes 
Tentacles are used mainly for prey capture
19
Q

Where are the hydrozoan gonads found?

A

Epidermal

20
Q

The hydrozians are typically found in:

A

Mostly marine, some fresh water

21
Q

Describe the polyp phase of the scyphozoans

A 
Funnel-shaped polyp form
Has simple mouth & pharynx
Gastrovasculal septae are present
Has gastric filaments with cnidocytes
Has solid tentacle form
22
Q

Describe the scyphozoan medusa phase.

A

No velum
Notched bell margin (rhopalia)
Has a comple manubrium (mouth lobes + cnidocytes)
Branched gasrtrovascular canals
Has gastric filaments with cnidocytes
Mouth lobes and tentacles are used for prey capture
Gonads are found gastrodermal

23
Q

Where are scyphozoans typically found?

A

Gastrodermis

24
Q

Describe the anthozoans polyp form.

A 
Cylindrical polyp form
Has tubular + siphonoglyph in the mouth and pharynx
Has grovascular  septae
Has gastric filaments with cnidocytes
Has hollow tentacles
Gonads are found in the gastrodermal
25
Q

Typical habitat of the anthozoans

A

Marine only

26
Q

Describe anthozoan mtDNA form.

A

Circular

27
Q

What are hydroids?

A

Hydroids: solitary or colonial polyp from predominates. Has two orders (thacate vs naked). Polyps show division of labors in colonial forms

28
Q

What are hydrocorals?

A

Hydrocorals: polymorphic polyps form colonies with massive carbonate skeletons (exoskeleton). Medusa stage is reduced. Includes “fire corals”

29
Q

Describe the order Siphonophora.

A

Swimming or floating polymorphic colonies. May have multiple medusoid and polypoid forms in one colony

30
Q

Describe the order Chondrophora.

A

Entirely pelagic. Float in the ocean surface. Has multiple mouths, mainly polypoid forms, medusae are budded off for reproduction.

31
Q

What is strobilation?

A

Distinctive 8-lobed larval medusa (ephyra) arise from a bethic polyp

32
Q

Differentiate the two classes of the Anthozoans.

A

SubCl. Octocorallia: has may forms; typically 8-pinate tentacles and 8 gastrovascular septae. Has an endoskeleton which forms in the mesoglea.
SubCl. Hexacorallia: hetergeneous group. >8 tentacles & gastrovascular septae (~12). Has an exoskeleton which is a massive carbonate skeleton (secreted by the epidermis)

ZOOL 250 (16 decks)

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