PHYLUM ARTHROPODA

Question 1

Which characteristics of the arthropods support the clade as monophyletic?

Answer 1

Lack of motile body cilia

Question 2

Which body parts of the arthropoda are said to be homologies to the prostomium and the pygidium of annelids?

Answer 2

Acron and telson (bears the anus)

Question 3

What are the main function of the exoskeleton of the arthropods?

Answer 3

Protection and structural support

Question 4

The 2-4 semi-rigid plates that support each body segments of the arthropods are called..?

Answer 4

Sclerites

Question 5

Dorsal semi-rigid plates

Answer 5

Tergite

Question 6

Ventral semi-rigid plates

Answer 6

Sternite

Question 7

Two lateral semi rigid plates

Answer 7

Pleurites (found in Crustaceans and Uniramia)

Question 8

The three main layer of the cuticles are…?

Answer 8

Epicuticle
Exocuticle
Exocuticle

Question 9

Differentiate the three main layer of the cuticle?

Answer 9

Epi: protein only, may be waxy in insects (molted)
Exo: chitin + proteins and minerals(molted)
Endo: chitin, proteins and minerals (resorbed before molting)

Question 10

Molting controlled by the ecdysone

Answer 10

Ecdysis

Question 11

What happens after molting and before the cuticle hardens?

Answer 11

Water or air inflates the body to its new size

Question 12

What are the three main elements of the jointed limbs of the crustaceans?

Answer 12

Protopods
Exites
Endites

Question 13

Terminal exite

Answer 13

Exopods

Question 14

Terminal endites

Answer 14

Endopods

Question 15

Nonterminal branches

Answer 15

Epipods
Gnathobases
Oostegites

Question 16

What does uniramous and biramous mean?

Answer 16

Uniramous = 1 terminal branch (endopod)
Biramous = 2 terminal branch (exopod and endopods)

Question 17

Flattened limbs which produce only flap-like movements

Answer 17

Phyllopodous

Question 18

Tubular limbs, and produce a wide variety of motions

Answer 18

Stenopodous

Question 19

Infoldings of the cuticle

Answer 19

Apodemes

Question 20

Alternating ball and socket hinges

Answer 20

Di-condylic

Question 21

Most spectacular image-forming eyes in animals (the compound eyes) is composed of..?

Answer 21

Ommatidia

Question 22

How does aquatic arthropods respire?

Answer 22

Book gills (primitive aquatic chelicerates)
Limb-branch gills (crustaceans and trilobites)

Question 23

How do terrestrial arthropods breathe?

Answer 23

Book lungs (arachnids)
Spiracle/trichea system

Question 24

Describe the arthropod coelom.

Answer 24

Greatly reduced
Arise embryonically via schizocoely
Most of the primary coelom fuses with the epineural sinus yielding extensive hemocoel

Question 25

The crustacean larval stage is called..?

Answer 25

Nauplius

Question 26

Segments of the head of the crustaceans

Answer 26

2 antennae, 1 mandible, 2 maxillae

Question 27

Shield that covers the head of the crustaceans forming the cephalothorax

Answer 27

Carapace

Question 28

Modified limbs for feeding of the crustaceans

Answer 28

Periopods

Question 29

Limbs found in the abdominal segments of thecrustaceans

Answer 29

Pleopods

Question 30

Subclass of the phylum Crustacea which are entirely sessile as adults

Answer 30

Cirripidea

Question 31

Crustacean classes which are found in marine both exhibit primitive traits

Answer 31

Remipedia and Cephalocarida

Question 32

Mainly freshwater particle feeder crustaceans

Answer 32

Branchiopoda

Question 33

Heterogenous crustaceans, mainly marine group that includes the barnacles and copepods

Answer 33

Class Maxillopoda

Question 34

Most diverse class of the crustaceans

Answer 34

Malacostraca

Question 35

Three characteristics shared by the class Malacostraca

Answer 35

1. 21 somites 2. Stalked eyes in adults 3. Limbs on abdominal segments

Question 36

Three general body forms of the class malacostraca

Answer 36

Shrimp-like Lobster-like Crab-like

Question 37

Active predators. Highly specialized limbs for spearing or hammering

Answer 37

Haplocarida

Question 38

The group where misids, isopods, amphipods belong

Answer 38

Peracarida

Question 39

The group of the shrimps, crayfish, lobsters, crabs

Answer 39

Decapoda

Question 40

Distinctive larval stage of the decapoda

Answer 40

Zoea

Question 41

Phylum which the first lim pair are called chelicerae (mouthparts)

Answer 41

Chelicerata

Question 42

Typical small bodies chelicerates

Answer 42

Class Pycnogonida

Question 43

The class Pycnogonida has two tagmata namely..

Answer 43

Trunk | Very reduced abdomen

Question 44

The class that the horseshoe crabs belong to..?

Answer 44

Class Merostomata

Question 45

The two tagmata of the horseshoe crabs are..?

Answer 45

Cephalothorax | Abdomen

Question 46

Not considered a true telson because it does not bear the anus

Answer 46

Tail spine

Question 47

Hugely successful terrestrial group. Some marine and freshwater. Body has three tagmata.

Answer 47

Class Arachnida

Question 48

Has two tagamata in class Arachnida

Answer 48

Araneae (spiders)

Question 49

Tagmatization is weak in class Arachnida

Answer 49

Acari (ticks and mites)

Question 50

Body has three tagmata in the class Arachnida

Answer 50

Scorpiones

Question 51

Once the most numerous arthropods on earth

Answer 51

SubPh. Trilobitomorpha

Question 52

Class of the centipede

Answer 52

Chilopoda

Question 53

Class of the millipedes

Answer 53

Diplopoda

Question 54

Extremely successful group but curiously never invaded the sea, abdomen lacks limbs and has three pair of walking legs.

Answer 54

Superclass Hexapoda

Question 55

Larva differ from adult (holometabolous)

Answer 55

Endopterygota

Question 56

Nymphs resemble adults but lack wings (hemitabolous)

Answer 56

Exopterygota

Question 57

Wing insects

Answer 57

Pterygota

Question 58

External mouth part of the Pterygota

Answer 58

Ectognathus

Question 59

Internalized mouthparts of the Apterygota

Answer 59

Ectognathus