Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Vascular Plants Lab > Phylum Lycopodiophtya And Phylum Monilophyta > Flashcards

Phylum Lycopodiophtya And Phylum Monilophyta Flashcards

1
Q

Phylum Lycopodiophyta includes which plants

A

Club misses
Spike misses
Quillworts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Phylum Lycopodiophyta characteristics

A

-microphylls leaves With singular vascular traces
-true roots
-sporangia have a close association with fertile leaves known as Sporophylls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lycopodiophyta
The Sporophylls are often aggregated into ____ or ____ shaped _______

A

Club
Spike
Strobili (strobilus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lycopodiophyta

Stems vary according to genus and species….. however what types aid steles are common

A

Protostels
Siphonostele
Polyesters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lycopodiophyta

The sporangia are ______ walled which means they are

A

Thick

Eusporangiate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Homosporous

Heterosporous

A

Producing one type of spore

Producing two types of spores (micro spores and megaspores)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In phylum Lycopodiophyta, the sperm are known as _____ and they are _____ or _______

A

Antherozoids

Biflagellate
Multiflagellate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Phylum Lycopodiophyta have only 3 living orders which are

A

Lycopodiales
Selaginellales
Isoetales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Order Lycopodiales consists of only _____forms. The plants usually have _____ arranged leaves that are not associated with _____

A

Homosporous

Spirally

Ligules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Genus Lycopodium (Clubmosses)
-habitat
-leaves
-stomata
-rhizomes
-roots

A

-woodland throughout the forested area of MB
-small, sessile, and spiral in arrangement
-may be adaxial or abaxial or both
-all species have these and is where aerial branches develop.
-roots are delicate and dichotomously branched and are scattered along the underground portions of the stems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gametophytes of Lycopodium may be ______ or found on the ______

A

Subterranean

Surface of the ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gametophytes of Lycopodium
-size and shape

A

-8-25mm, vary (disc/carrot)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Antheridia and archegonia size in Lycopodium

A

Antheridia are massive and produce large numbers of biflagellate sperms

Archegonia vary in size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Order Selaginellales (spike mosses)
-size
-stems and leaves
-strobili
-spore types
-roots

A

-small and delicate
-trailing stems, dense spirally arranged leaves (microphylls), contains tongue like ligules
-strobili composed of Sporophylls bearing single sporangia on the adaxial Sporophyll surface.
-two kinds of spores (Heterospory)
-adventitious and grow directly from the prostrate stems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Spore production in class glossopsida which contains the order Selaginellales is associated with a profound change in the morphology of the gametophytes generation ……

A

Endosporic

Gametes develop within the spore with only the sex organs, antheridia and archegonia protruding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Heterospory

A

Sporophyte plant produced two distinct types of sporangia.

-the male sporangia are called Microsporangia which produce microspores. These spores germinate and develop into male gametophytes, which will prince only antheridia.

-the female sporangia are called megasporangia and produce megaspores. The spores will germinate and develop into female gametophytes and produce only archegonia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mega and micro sporangia are borne on _____, which are aggregates into compact or loose____

A

Sporophylls

Strobili

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Selaginella sp. (Spike moss) 3 Manitoba species and there habitats

A

-selaginella densa-dry sandy grasslands)
-Selaginella rulestris-rocky shield
-Selaginella Selaginelloides-acid bogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Order Isoetales (Quill-worts)
-stems
-sporangia location
-how many spore types
-ligule?

A

-greatly shortened, upright with tufts of linear leaves giving the appearance of grass
-imbedded in the leaf base like
-2=heyerosporous
-yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Manitoba Isoetale

A

Isoetes echinospora var. braunii

Margins or ponds and lakes in south eastern corner of province

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The phylum Monilophyta includes the _____

A

Ferns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Leaves of ferns are known as

A

Fronds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The sporangia of Monilophyta are of which two distinct kinds

A

Eusporangia- relatively large, sessile or with massive stalks and contain a large number of spores enclosed by a several layered sporangia wall.
(Classes Psilotpsida and Equisetopsida)

Letosproangia-sporangia are much more delicate, are protuberant on thin sporangia stalk, sporangia walls are thin, numbers of spores per sporangium are in multiples of twos.
(Classe Polypodiopsida)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In the phylum Monilophyta, both ___ and ____ferns are known

A

Heterosporous

Homosporous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The sporangia or phylum Monilophyta are usually Borne where

A

On the abaxial (lower) surface or margin of the lead, or occasionally on special fronds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

gametophyte characteristics of phylum Monilophyta

A

-reduced
-free living “pro thallus”
-antherozoids are multiflagellate

27
Q

A typical fern has an underground rhizome and a steel arrangement which may be a _____ or ______.

The roots are ______, small and _____

A

Protostele
Siphonostele (several types)

Protostelic
Adventitious

28
Q

Phylum Monilophyta
Class Psilotopsida

Order Ophioglossales

Characteristics

A

-Eusporangiate
-Homosporous
-sporangia are thick walled and borne on a fertile spike which projects from the upper surface of the leaf.
-sporophyte stem is short and fleshy.
-non-circulate venation (does not uncoil)

29
Q

Phylum Monilophyta
Class Psilotopsida
Order Ophioglossales

Ophioglossum sp.
-common name
-leaves and sporangia

A

-Adders tongue ferns
-one or two lanceolate leaves (shaped like the head of a spear), with an erect unbranched modified fertile segment bearing two rows of sporangia near the summit.

Rare in Manitoba

30
Q

Phylum Monilophyta
Class Psilotopsida
Order Ophioglossales

Botrychium sp. characteristics

A

Grape ferns
-large clustered sporangia on the fertile portion of the frond. This frond has a single common stalk from which clusters of sporangia arise at the apex, and sterile, pinnately divided leaf segments arise below.

31
Q

Phylum Monilophyta
Class Polypodiopsida
Order Filicales characteristics
-sporangia type
-sporophyte axis is usually…
-fronds
-vernation

A

TRUE FERNS
-leptosporangia, small thin walled and scattered or grouped into Sori which are marginal or abaxial on the fronds.
-long and rhizomatous
-very diverse from simple to pinnately compound.
-circinate

32
Q

Vernation

A

The arrangement of young leaves in a leaf bud before it opens

33
Q

Phylum Monilophyta
Class Polypodiopsida
Order Filicales

Gametophyte characteristics

A

Called Prothalli

-found on moist soil or in rock crevices in the vicinity of the parent fern colonies.
-flattened foliage appearance and is often heart shaped.
-only 1 cell thick at margins and several cells near Center.
-underside covered by numerous rhizoids
-usually monoecious (both male and female organs) but somewhat protandrous (male gametes produced earlier).
-antheridia are protuberant and the Becks if the archegonia project from the thallus surface.

34
Q

Phylum Monilophyta
Class Polypodiopsida
Order Filicales

Sperm are _____flagellate

A

Multi

35
Q

In ferns, why do the spermatids move towards the archegonia

A

Result of chemo tactic response

-moist habitat and ventral position of sex organs enhance the opportunity for fertilization

36
Q

Further growth of the gametophyte ceases in ferns after what?

A

It’s archegonia have been fertilized

37
Q

Phylum Monilophyta
Class Polypodiopsida

Order Salviniales contains which two families

A

Salviniaccae

Marsileaceae

38
Q

Family Marsileaceae

A

-small
-delicate aquatic ferns
-roots embedded in the bottom of ponds , lakes and streams
-leaves are floating
-leptosporangiate
-heterosporous
-sporangia are borne in special nut-like structures called sporocarps (reduced fertile leaves)

39
Q

Phylum Monilophyta
Class Polypodiopsida
Order Salviniales
Family Marsileaceae

Marsilea sp.
-common name
-habitat
-stem
-leaves
-leaf unfolding

A

-water shamrocks
-shallow ponds and ditches (amphibious)
-elongate, branching stolon-like stem that grows on the surface of mud or slightly below it
-leaves in 2 rows but opposites, may be floating leaves, submerged leaves or aerial leaves.
-unfold in circinate fashion

40
Q

Phylum Monilophyta
Class Polypodiopsida
Order Salviniales
Family Salvineaceae

-common name
-species names
-sporangia and spore types

A

-water ferns
-Salvinia and Azolla
-leptosporangiate, sporangia found in sporocarps
-heterosporous

41
Q

Phylum Monilophyta
Class Polypodiopsida
Order Salviniales
Family Salvineaceae

Salvinia sp.
-habitat
-roots
-leaves

A

-Africa
-rootless, the apparent roots being morphologically filiform leaf segments.
-in whorls of 3, two of which are floating and the third is submerged. The submerged leaf is then divided in two rootlike lobes.

42
Q

Sporangia

A

Where meiosis occurs to produce spores

43
Q

Sporophylls

A

Modified leaves that bear sporangia

In ferns: sori
In lycopods: strobili

44
Q

Sporophyte

A

Adult structure of plant in alteration of generations

45
Q

Sporangium

A

A hollow unicellular or multicellular structure in which meiosis occurs to produce spores

46
Q

Sporocyte

A

Diploid cell in a spore-producing plant that produces four haploid spores through meiosis

47
Q

Spore

A

Reproductive cell, usually unicellular, capable of developing into an adult without fusion with another cell

48
Q

Sporophyll

A

A modified lead or leaflike organ that bears sporangia

49
Q

Megasporangium

Microsporangium

A

A sporangium in which megaspores are produced

A sporangium in which microspores are produced

50
Q

Mega Sporophyll

Micro Sporophyll

A

A leaf or leaflike structure bearing either a megasporangium or microsporangium

51
Q

Mega sporocytes

Micro sporocytes

A

A diploid cell in which meiosis will occur, resulting in 4 megaspores or microspores

52
Q

Archegonium

Antheridium

A

Egg producing structure

Sperm producing structure

53
Q

Strobilus

A

A reproductive structure consisting of a number of modified leaves (Sporophylls) or ovule-bearing scales grouped terminally on a stem

54
Q

Endosporic

Exosporic

A

In exosporic species, the smaller spores germinate into free-living male gametophytes and the larger spores germinate into free-living female gametophytes. In endosporic species, the gametophytes of both sexes are very highly reduced and contained within the spore wall.

55
Q

Gametophyte

A

The haploid structure in alternation of generations

56
Q

Monoecious

Diecious

A

Monoecious” is translated as “single house,” meaning that male and female flowers are found on a single individual. This contrasts with the translation of dioecious, which is “double house.” This means that male flowers are on one plant and female flowers are on another plant.

57
Q

Leptosporangiate

Eusporangiate

A
  1. Eusporangiate: large sporangium develops from many initial cells and produces many spores. Relatively large sporangia that produces large number of spores covered by layers of sporangia wall

2.Leptosporangiate: small sporangium develops from single initial cell and produces small definite number of spores. Delicate sporangia on thin stalks. Subject to external environment.

58
Q

Indusium

A

Each sorus is covered by a thin membranous structure

59
Q

Lip cells

A

Where sporangia wall ruptures

60
Q

Gemmae

A

Method of asexual reproduction by means of stem fragments or buds in Lycopodium sp.

61
Q

Life cycle of Selaginella sp.

A

Spike Moss

-rooted sporophyte has strobilus with ligule
-micro sporocysts within microsporangium go under meiosis to produce microspores on microsporophyll
-mega sporocysts within megasporagniun undergo meiosis to produce megaspores on megasporophyll
-microspores become male gametophyte =antheridium with sperm
-megapsores become female gametophyte = archegonium with egg
-fertilization Produces zygote which developes into sporophyte

62
Q

Life cycle of Polypodium sp.

A

-sporophyte has rhizome, adventitious roots and fronds.
-each frond has many Sori containing the sporangia (covered by indusium)
-sporangium containing sporocysts that undergo meiosis to produce spores
-spores germinate into gametophyte (prothallus)
-prothallus has antheridium and archegonium to produce sperm and egg
-fertilization produces zygote
-sporophyte developes on gametophyte to produce fiddle head and then sporophyte

63
Q

Lifecycle is Isoetes sp.

A

-sporophyte has microphylls and roots contain micro and megasporagjun with ligules
-microsporangium and megasporangiuk contain micro and megasporocytes that undergo meiosis to produce microspores and megaspores
-megaspores become archegonium
-microspores become antheridium
-archegonium have egg and antheridium have sperm
-fertilization
-young sporophyte develops

64
Q

Life cycle of Lycopodium sp.

A

-sporophyte has rhizome, roots and microphylls with strobilus
-strobilus houses sporangium surrounded with Sporophylls with sporocytes
-sporocytes undergo meiosis to produce a tetrad of spores
-develop into gametophyte with archegonium and antheridium
-fertilization of egg and sperm results in sporophyte developing on gametophyte.

Vascular Plants Lab (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions