Leaves of Flowering Plants

Question 1

How can leaves be classified

Answer 1

1. Gross morphology
   -mega/microphylls
   -shape
   -venation (arrangement of veins)
   -attachment
2. Monocot/Dicot
3. Type of environment
   -xeric (dry)
   -mesic (moderate)
   -hydric (wet)

Question 2

Foliage leaves morphology characteristics

Answer 2

-photosynthetic
-monocot or dicot
-growing conditions
-shape
-veration

Question 3

Bracts

Answer 3

Usually small, scale-like leaves that subtend flowers or inflorescences. In other cases they are large, showy and contribute to the overall conspicuous ness of the inflorescence

Ex: flowering dogwood or Christmas poinsettia

Question 4

Cataphylls

Answer 4

(Bud scales)

-thick cuticle which protects young leaves and buds during the winter from dedication and from herbivores.

Question 5

Spines

Answer 5

Modified leaves
-non photosynthetic
-hard, dry
-protect surface of the plant from damage by herbivores as any damage leads to water loss!!!

Question 6

Tendrils

Answer 6

Modified leaves or leaflets for support on other plants

Question 7

Cotyledons

Answer 7

-seed leaves
-fleshy storage organs
-monocots have 1
-dicots have 2

-supply seedling with nutrients until the first foliage leaves develop

Question 8

Stipules

Answer 8

Base of leaf appendages leaves

Small appendages that are found at the base of the petioles of the eudicot leaves.

Question 9

Ligules

Answer 9

Collar of the leaf stalk that encircles the stems and the vase of the leaf blade in grasses.

Small membrane or fringe of hairs that extends up the stem of a grass from where the lead blade separates from the sheath.

Question 10

Carnivorous leaves

Answer 10

Leaves are traps to capture animals

-usually live in acidic habitats where nitrogen is rare
-are photosynthetic but supplement nutrients from animals

Question 11

Alternate, opposite and whirled leaf arrangement (Phyllotaxy)

Answer 11

Only one leaf occurs at a node

Two leaves occur at the same node

More than 2 leaves originating from the same node

Question 12

Simple leaves
Compound leaves

Answer 12

Whole leaves

Odd pinnate (terminal leaf present), even pinnate, palmately lobed (leaflets starched by one point)

Question 13

Where do leaves develop from

Answer 13

Leaf primordia near apical meristem

Question 14

Epidermis of leaves contains what

Answer 14

Cuticle, stomata, hair

Question 15

Fundamental tissue of leaves contain what kind of cell

Answer 15

Mesophyll

Question 16

Difference from eudicotyeldon and monocotyledon leaves internal anatomy

Answer 16

-dicot leaves have very dense structure with little room

-monocot leaves have larger vacuoles

Question 17

Hydrophytes adaptations

Answer 17

Aquatic

-thin cuticle
-non functional or absent stomata
-loosely arranged cells in mesophyll
-large air spaces
-reduced Schlerenchyma
-small vascular bundle

Question 18

Xerophytes leaf adaptations

Answer 18

Dry, high sunlight

-water storage tissue
-thick cuticle (hydro dermis protects mesophyll)
-spines
-lots of Schlerenchyma
-leaf hairs (trichomes)
-very small leaves to reduce the surface area and reduce water loss
-sunken stomata

Question 19

Angiosperm leaves are ______

Answer 19

Megaphylls

Question 20

Leaves usually have _____ growth meaning they grow to a certain size

Answer 20

Determinant

Question 21

Epigeous development
Hypogeous development

Answer 21

Two cotyledons may be pulled out of the seed coat and emerge

above the ground

Or remain below the soil surface

Question 22

If the petiole is present the leaf is said to be….

If the petiole is missing the leaf is…

A leaf possessing stipules is _____; with no stipules it is ______

Answer 22

Petiolate

Sessile

Stipulate
Exstipulate

Question 23

Compound leaves

Answer 23

A leaf in which the blade is divided into several segments. Each segment are known as leaflets

Question 24

Venation

Answer 24

The pattern the major veins in the leaf blade create

-parallel
-reticulate or net veined
-palmate

Question 25

Leaves generally develop from the apex of the _____. They begin as small bumps or _____, near the _____

Answer 25

Stem

Leaf primordia

Apical meristem

Question 26

First foliage leaves and cotyledons can be used to characterize a plant…. T or F

Answer 26

False

Different then major leaves

Question 27

What 3 main parts are leaves comprised of

Answer 27

Epidermal
Fundamental
Vascular

Question 28

The mesophyll lies between the _______

Answer 28

Upper and lower epidermis

Question 29

In eudicots, the mesophyll has ______ layer (s). Name it

Answer 29

2

-palisade mesophyll: composed of elongated cells
-spongy mesophyll: composed of irregularly shaped cells and is more open and loosely packed

Question 30

The entire mesophyll is permeated by

Answer 30

Vascular bundles (veins) consisting of xylem and phloem

Question 31

In a vein, the xylem and phloem is arranged where

Answer 31

Xylem-on the top toward the upper epidermis

Phloem-on the bottom

Question 32

Surrounding the leaf vein is usually a special layer of parenchyma known as …..

Answer 32

The bundle sheath
-completely surround the veins to their very ends, thus separating the vein from the mesophyll.

(Can sometimes be sclerenchyma)

Question 33

Hypodermal layers

Answer 33

Non photosynthetic
Act as sun screen

Question 34

In some plants, sclerenchyma cells have taken on an anti herbivory function. They have _____ cells which have long pointed projections

Answer 34

Sclereid

Question 35

What types of venation are more common in monocots and dicots

Answer 35

Parallel for mono

Reticulate for di

Question 36

Floating plants have stomata on which side

Answer 36

The upper ward non water side

Question 37

In the prickly pear cactus which parts are photosynthetic

Answer 37

The temporary leaves

Stem is storage organ and does very little photosynthesis

Question 38

The less photosynthesis done by a leaf, the less_____ appear

Answer 38

Stomata

Question 39

Do sun or shade leaves have more stomata

Answer 39

Sun

More photosynthesis means more carbon dioxide needed which means more stomata needed