Phsiology Of Ageing

Question 1

What is tissue compliance ?

Answer 1

Describes the relationship between P and volume a characterizes the ability of the tissue to expand in response to distending pressure and to store elastic energy.

Question 2

What is tissue compliance functionally useful for ?

Answer 2

Better suited to pumping (lungs and heart).
Collagen and elastin:
Compliance increases due to functional orientation.
Less flexible ordination inflexible fibrous molecules.

Question 3

What is aging ?

Answer 3

Physiological changes which occur with time.

Question 4

What are the age related dysfunctions ?

Answer 4

Thinning tissue layers
Weakening tissues ( bones)
Loss of functional units (hair cells)
Hormonal changes (menopause) .

Question 5

What are the accumulated damages for the aging?

Answer 5

Physical change hair cells, bones, joints.
Immune system
Lack of nutrition - Blood flow, fuel, oxygen vitamins
Free radical damage and radiation exposure.

Question 6

How is fibrous tissue damaged by aging?

Answer 6

Wear and physical damage.
Immune and free radical damage.
Lack of nutrients
Changes to gene expression, translation and protein formation.
Fewer stem cells.
Changes to immune cells fewer T and B cells.

Question 7

How does aging affect tissue compliance ?

Answer 7

Aging is accompanised by a decrease in muscular strength and elastic recoil.
Lung compliance increases and chest wall compliance decreases as age decreases

Question 8

What’s sarcopenia ?

Answer 8

A condition characterized by loss of muscle mass, strength and function in older adults.

Question 9

What are the symptoms of sarcopenia ?

Answer 9

Weakness
Fatigue
Loss of energy
Balance problems.

Question 10

At what’s age has the skeletal muscle reached their maximum size ?

Answer 10

Age 25 years .

Question 11

What happens at the age of 40 (sarcopenia)/?

Answer 11

Connective tissue increases with aging.
Number of fibers decrease.
Begins to loose muscle.

Question 12

What happens at the age of 80 (sarcopenia)?

Answer 12

Muscle strength has decreased by half.

Question 13

What is the menopause ?

Answer 13

Natural biological process in females aged 45-55.
Irregular period then absence of cycle
Fewer ovarian follicles produce oestrogen and progesterone.
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and lutenisizing hormone (LH) levels may rise.

Question 14

What are the symptoms of the menopause?

Answer 14

Hot flushes
Night sweats
Mood swings
Stomach cramps

Question 15

What is immunosenescence?

Answer 15

Age related changes to the immune system.
As people age both innate and adaptive immune systems tend to lose efficacy over time leading to difficulties with immune responses.

Question 16

Effects of immunosenescence on ageing ?

Answer 16

Reduced helper T cells.
Accumulated damage.
Bone marrow changes (fewer stem cells).
Cancer rates increase.
Lower muscocilliary.

Question 17

What’s poikilothermy?

Answer 17

Inability to retaliate core body temperature.
Elements of temperature control:
Sensors (hot and cold)
Control circuit (hypothalamus)

Question 18

What’s poikilothemry in the elderly ?

Answer 18

Neural degeneration (sensors control effectors).
Sarcopenia
Behavioral capacity.

Question 19

What’s atrophy loss?

Answer 19

Is the wasting or thinning of muscle mass.
Can be caused by disuse of your muscles or neurogenic conditions.