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Biol214 > Photosynthesis- Light reactions > Flashcards

Photosynthesis- Light reactions Flashcards

1
Q

Biochemical energy in animals comes from the ??? (in mitochondria) of organic fuel from food

A

oxidation

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2
Q

Photosynthesis provides carbohydrate building blocks in the form of:
* ???
* coal deposits
* crude oil
* gas deposits

A

biomass

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3
Q

Photosynthesis liberates ??? and produces carbohydrates which are used by animals in the oxidative processes of respiration

A

oxygen

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4
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Almost all energy flow and all fixed carbon in the biosphere, originated from photosynthesis. Almost all oxygen in the atmosphere is generated by photosynthesis

A

TRUE

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5
Q

2H2O + hu + CO2 → (CH2O)n + O2 is the basic equation for ???

A

photosynthesis

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6
Q

Use of the stable isotope ??? proved that the oxygen involved in
photosynthesis is derived from water

A

18O

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7
Q

Photosynthetic bacteria eg. purple sulphur bacteria can use alternative electron donors such as ???

A

H2S

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8
Q

Pigments absorb light energy and convert it to ???, ATP and O2

A

NADPH

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9
Q

??? and ATP from photosynthesis are used to reduce CO2 to form (CH2O)n

A

NADPH

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10
Q

in a leaf cell, photosynthesis occurs in the ???. More specifically, the thylakoids found in this structure

A

chloroplast

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11
Q

“Light reactions” = electron transport/proton gradient which takes place in the ??? membranes. The pigments absorb light and solar energy is converted to ATP and NADPH

A

thylakoid

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12
Q

Photosynthesis Step 1: light converts H2O to a good electron DONOR or ACCEPTOR?

A

DONOR

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13
Q

Photosynthesis Step 2: electrons run through the transport chain on thylakoid membrane and the electron carriers pump H+ into thylakoid lumen as electrons flow to ??? which is an e- acceptor in the stroma

A

NADP+

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14
Q

Photosynthesis step 3: energy from flow of electrons is stored as ???

A

electrochemical potential

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15
Q

Photosynthesis Step 4: ATP synthase uses ??? to synthesise ATP

A

electrochemical gradient

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16
Q

What is the main photoreceptor in chloroplasts?

A

Chlorophyll is the main photoreceptor in chloroplasts

17
Q

Chlorophyll have delocalised electrons that are easily excited by photons of VISIBLE or NONVISIBLE light.

A

VISIBLE

18
Q

Chlorophyll absorbs light in the
blue, green or red regions of visible light?

A

Blue and Red

19
Q

Secondary light absorbing pigments are called ???

A

carotenoids

20
Q

The two most important carotenoids are:
* β-Carotene (red-orange)
* ??? (yellow)

A

Lutein

21
Q

The carotenoid pigments, β-Carotene and Lutein, absorb light at wavelengths not absorbed by ???, thus serve as supplementary light receptors to expand the range of wavelengths absorbed

A

chlorophyll

22
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Carotenoids also function as anti-oxidants

A

TRUE

23
Q

light-absorbing pigments are
arranged in arrays called
photosystems embedded in the
thylakoid ???

A

thylakoid membrane

24
Q

Absorption of light (photon) by
antenna chlorophyll leads to excitation of the ???

A

reaction centre

25
Q

Specialized chlorophyll molecules
associated with the photochemical
reaction centre can transduce light
into ???

A

chemical energy

26
Q

Excitation and Electron Transfer Step 1: light excites an ??? molecule (chlorophyll or accessory pigment), raising an electron to a higher energy level

A

antenna molecule

27
Q

Excitation and Electron Transfer Step 2: excited antenna molecule passes energy to a neighbouring chlorophyll molecule, exciting it. this is called ???

A

excitation transfer

27
Q

Excitation and Electron Transfer Step 3: excitation transfer energy is transferred to a chlorophyll of the ??? special pair, exciting it

A

reaction centre

28
Q

Excitation and Electron Transfer Step 4: the excited reaction centre chlorophyll passes an electron to an electron ACCEPTOR or DONOR?

A

ACCEPTOR

29
Q

Excitation and Electron Transfer Step 5: the electron hole in the reaction centre is filled with an electron from an electron ACCEPTOR or DONOR?

A

DONOR

30
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Excitation and Electron Transfer = the absorption of a photon causes the separation of charge in the reaction centre

A

TRUE

31
Q

Photosystem I and II have multiple antenna pigment molecules and a pair of reaction centre ??? + contain a series of electron transfer molecules

A

chlorophylls

32
Q

TRUE or FALSE: PSII and PSI are linked by the cytochrome b6f complex

A

TRUE

33
Q

Cytochrome b6f Complex: e-
transfer from PSII through
plastoquinone (PQ) to Cyt b6f and then to ???

A

PSI

34
Q

how many protons (H+) are released by cyt b6f into lumen to contribute to proton gradient (to drive ATP
synthase to generate ATP)

A

4 H+

35
Q

P680/P700 are the ??? PS which receives light energy

A

reaction centre

36
Q

Cooperation between PSII and PSI creates an e- flow from ??? to NADP+ in a Z-like scheme between the two PS

A

water

37
Q

ferredoxin drives a cyclic transfer of electrons by controlling whether NADP+ is reduced to ???. ferredoxin takes the electrons, when limited state of ATP, cycles electrons back through to start of cycle at Cyt b6f

A

NADPH

38
Q

Plastocyanin: mobile electron carrier that shuttles electrons from ??? to PSI

A

cytochrome b6f

Biol214 (12 decks)

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