Glycolysis Flashcards
where does glycolysis occur
the cytosol
phosphorylation of glucose (glycolysis step 1) enzyme involved
hexokinase
product of first step of glycolysis (phosphorylation of glucose)
glucose-6-phosphate
Conversion of glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) to ??? (glycolysis step 2) PRODUCT
fructose 6-phosphate
step 3 of glycolysis: phosphorylation of F6P. Enzyme involved
phosphofruktokinase-1
product of glycolysis step 3
fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
glycolysis step 4: f1,6bp cleaves ??? into ??? and ???
cleavage of F1,6BP into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Glycolysis step 5: Interconversion of the triose phosphates from ??? to ??? (To make 1,3-phosphoglycerate in step 6)
dihydroxyacetone to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
step 6: oxidation of ??? to ???
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-biphosphoglycerate
NAD+ is a cofactor in which glycolysis step?
step 6, produces NADH
step 7: phosphoryl transfer from 1,3-biphosphoglycerate to ??? to turn it into 3-phosphoglycerate and ???
ADP to turn it into ATP
step 8: 3-phosphoglycerate is converted to ???
2-phosphoglycerate
step 9: dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate to ???
phosphoenolpyruvate
step 10: Transfer of phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to
ADP produces ??? and ATP
pyruvate
step 10 involves the enzyme ???
pyruvate kinase
TRUE or FALSE: Overall ATP yield: 2ATP, 2NADH, 2 Pyruvate
TRUE
glycolysis occurs under aerobic or anaerobic conditions?
anaerobic
does glycolysis occur in faster rates in tumours? if so, what does this result in?
yes, it results in anaerobic metabolism because capillaries can’t provide enough aeration for tumours at the rate they grow.
aerobic fate of pyruvate is… which then goes into the TCA cycle
Acetyl CoA
oxidation of glucose by glycolysis occurs in which part of the cell?
cytoplasm
how is NADH replenished when not enough oxygen to support aerobic oxidation of pyruvate?
NADH is synthesised via the reduction of pyruvate to lactate
anaerobic fate of pyruvate is ??? and ???
ethanol production and lactate production
can humans use the ethanol production pathway in the anaerobic fate of pyruvate? What are we missing?
no, humans don’t have pyruvate decarboxylase or alcohol dehydrogenase
the two step reduction of pyruvate to ethanol is reversible or irreversible?
irreversible
Lactate formed by ??? (or by
erythrocytes) can be recycled.
active skeletal muscle
pyruvate to lactate pathway involves the enzyme…?
lactate dehydrogenase
