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biology topic 5 Energy for biological processes > photosynthesis in plants > Flashcards

photosynthesis in plants Flashcards

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1
Q

autotrophic organisms

A

make energy containing organic compounds out of inorganic sources like carbon dioxide and water
-photosynthesis

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2
Q

what is photosynthesis

A

process by which living organisms capture energy of sin using chlorophyll and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water to simple sugars

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3
Q

what happens with energy produced from photosynthesis

A

energy is transferred into the chemical bonds of organic molecules such as glucose and starch
-compounds then used as energy source by cells of plant and building blocks of other molecules like proteins

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4
Q

autotrophic bacteria

A

not photosynthetic
-use energy from chemical reactions to synthesise their food

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5
Q

heterotrophic organisms

A

eat plants or other animals that have eaten plants
-they use products of photosynthesis indirectly for making molecules and as fuels to supply energy for activities

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6
Q

the sun

A

ultimate source of energy for chemical reactions in almost all organisms

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7
Q

equation for photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen endothermic

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8
Q

chemical explanation of photosynthesis equation

A

energy from light energy split strong H-O bonds in water molecules
-hydrogen released combined with carbon dioxide to form fuel for cells (glucose)
-oxygen released into atmosphere as waste product

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9
Q

link of photosynthesis and cellular respiration

A

-photosynthesis takes in energy and used carbon dioxide and water to synthesise glucose and oxygen- endothermic
-respiration- uses glucose and oxygen to produce energy in form of ATP for cell with carbon dioxide and water as waste products- exothermic

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10
Q

how much chloroplast does average plant have

A

10-50

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11
Q

what is each chloroplast surrounded by

A

an outer and inner membrane

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12
Q

whats the chloroplast envelope

A

space between the outer and inner membrane

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13
Q

grana

A

inside chloroplast they are a system of membranes that are arranged in stacks

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14
Q

what is an single granum made of

A

made up of stacks of membrane discs called thylakoids

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15
Q

thylakoids

A

stacks of membrane discs that make up single granum

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16
Q

where is chlorophyll found

A

in the thylakoids

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17
Q

arrangement of chlorophyll

A

pigment molecules are arranged on membranes in best position for trapping light energy

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18
Q

what does evidence from electron micrographs show

A

that the granal membranes are covered in particles that seem to be involved in ATP synthesis

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19
Q

lamella

A

extensions of thylakoid membranes which connects two or more grana

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20
Q

what holds grana together

A

held together by lamellae

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21
Q

role of lamellae

A

act as skeleton within chloroplast maintaining a working distance between the grana so they get maximum light and function as efficient as possible

22
Q

what are lamellae surrounded by

A

the stroma

23
Q

what are the stroma

A

matrix that surrounds membrane stacks

24
Q

function of the stroma

A

contains all enzymes needed to complete process of photosynthesis and produce glucose

25
Q

use of glucose after it is made by photosynthesis

A

used in cellular respiration
-converted to starch for storage
-used as intermediate for synthesis of other organic compounds like amino acids and lipids

26
Q

adaptation of chloroplast

A

their light capturing photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll

27
Q

what is chlorophyll made up of

A

chlorophyll a
-chlorophyll b
-carotenoids
-phaeophytin

28
Q

chlorophyll a

A

a blue green colour
-found in all photosynthesising plants and most abundant pigment

29
Q

chlorophyll b

A

yellow green

30
Q

chlorophyll carotenoids

A

orange carotene and yellow xanthophyll

31
Q

phaeophytin

A

grey pigment which is breakdown product of other pigments

32
Q

what do the pigments do

A

they capture light from particular areas of the spectrum

33
Q

benefits of having multiple pigments make up chlorophyll

A

more energy from light falling on the plant can be used than if only one pigment was involved

34
Q

what is the absorption spectrum

A

describes the range of amount of light of different wavelengths that a photosynthetic pigment absorbs

35
Q

how are absorption spectra of pigments found

A

found by measuring their absorption of light of differing wavelengths
-possible to produce absorption spectrum for intact chloroplast with all pigments combined

36
Q

T.W engelmann comparing rate of photosynthesis with wavelength of light

A

-set up strand of filamentous alga in light of different wavelengths
-used bacteria that move towards oxygen to show where the most oxygen was given off which is directly related to the amount of photosynthesis taking place

37
Q

action spectrum

A

a way of demonstrating the rate of photosynthesis against the wavelength of light

38
Q

modern action spectra

A

use electronic data logging rather then bacterial movements to measure rate of photosynthesis at different wavelengths of light

39
Q

what do action spectra show us

A

that the rate of photosynthesis is very closely related to the combined absorption spectrums of all the photosynthetic pigments in a plant

40
Q

what can we conclude from action spectra

A

range of photosynthetic pigments makes a much bigger portion of wavelength of light available to plants and gives them adaptive advantage

41
Q

how can you show plants have different pigments

A

paper chromatography

42
Q

carrying out paper chromatography

A

suitable solvent pigments travel up paper at different speeds and are separated

43
Q

equation for Rf value

A

distance travelled by solute (photosynthetic pigment) / distance travelled by solvent

44
Q

labels of paper chromatography

A

baseline
-distance travelled by pigment=B
-total distance travelled by solvent=x
-distance travelled by pigment= A

45
Q

how to calculate for A Rf

A

A/X

46
Q

how to calculate Rf for B

A

B/X

47
Q

chlorophyll complexes

A

photosystem 1 and photosystem 2 in roman numerals

48
Q

why are chlorophyll complexes formed

A

because photosynthetic pigments carry out the absorption of light in 2 complexes

49
Q

why does each system absorb light in slightly different area of spectrum

A

because each system has a different combination of chlorophyll pigments

50
Q

photosystems identified by electron micrographs

A

identified as different sized particles attached to membranes in the chloroplast

51
Q

where are PS1 particles found

A

on the intergranal lamellae

52
Q

where are PS2 particles found

A

on the grana themselves

biology topic 5 Energy for biological processes (8 decks)

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