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Biology Year 12 > Photosynthesis And Respiration > Flashcards

Photosynthesis And Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an anabolic reaction and example

A 
Energy is required. They build up 
Eg ADP (adding a phosphate) to ATP
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2
Q

What is a catabolic reaction and example

A 
Release energy by breaking things down.
Eg ATP (high energy bond broken and phosphate released) to form ADP
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3
Q

What’s an electron acceptor

A

Molecules that carry hydrogen ions

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4
Q

What’s an autrophobic organism

A

An organism that can produce its own food, known as a producer eg. Plants

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5
Q

What is a Hetroohobic organism

A

An organism that cannot make its own food and must ingest or absorb nutrients from its environment, known as consumers eg humans

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6
Q

What is the worded and chemical formauka for photosynthesis

A

Water+carbon dioxide—-> glucose+oxygen

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7
Q

Label a chloroplast

A

Photos

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8
Q

What is the light dependent phase of photosynthesis

A

Requires lights as an energy source and occurs in the thylakoids membrane of the chloroplast.

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9
Q

Inputs and outputs of light dependent phase

A 
INPUTS
-sunlight energy
-water
-ADP +Pi
-NADP
OUTPUTS -ATP
-NADPH
-oxygen
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10
Q

Steps of light dependent phase

A
  1. Chlorophyll absorbs light, the energy causes electrons to be released
  2. Photolysis of water splits hydrogen and oxygen
  3. Electron energy is used to put NADP +H forming NADPH
  4. Hydrogen ions are pumped through ATPsynthase and the energy is used to put ADP+Pi to form ATP
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11
Q

What is photolysis

A

The process of water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen

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12
Q

Light independent phases inputs and outputs

A 
INPUTS -carbon dioxide
-ATP
-NADPH
OUTPUTS-ADP+Pi
-NADP
-glucose
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13
Q

What is the light independent phase

A

Take place in the stroma and does not require light. Process known as the Calvin cycle

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14
Q

Steps of the light independent phase

A
  1. Carbon dioxide molecules combine with RUBP using enzyme known as rubisco. Process called carbon fixation
  2. ATP provides energy to the Calvin cycle. Forms ADP
  3. NADPH carried hydrogen ions, forms NADP and TP(first part of glucose molecule).
  4. Molecules from TP reaction are used to reform RUBP
  5. the whole cycle is repeated.
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15
Q

What is carbon fixation

A

The joining of carbon and RUBP

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16
Q

Lost of factors affecting rate of photosynthesis

A

Light intensity
Light colour
Temperature
Carbon dioxide concentration

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17
Q

How does light colour affect rate of photosynthesis

A

Because chlorophyll is green it reflects green light therefore the colours most different to the colour green it absorbs the best. This is violet and red

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18
Q

Explain how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis

A

When there is no light the electron chain in the light dependent phase can not run therefore the outputs NADH and ATP can no be produced and the Calvin cycle can not run. As light intensity increase there is more amounts NAPH and ATP can being produced and the Calvin cycle can run faster. However when the rate of photosynthesis becomes constant as light intensity increases there is some of their factor other then light is now limiting photosynthesis

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19
Q

Describe how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis and draw graph

A

As light increases the rate of photosynthesis increases until it reaches a plateau and some other factor other then light is now limiting photosynthesis

20
Q

Explain how temperature affects the rate of photosynthesis

A

As photosynthesis is an enzyme driven chemical process the rate of photosynthesis is affected by temperature. This is because enzymes will “work” slower at low temperature. As temperature increases the reactant molecules are able to move faster therefore enzymes can produce faster. Above certain temperatures enzymes will be denatured and photosynthesis will stop altogether

21
Q

Describe how temperatures affects photosynthesis and draw graph

A

As temperature increases the rate of photosynthesis increases until it reaches its optimum rate. After this the rate of photosynthesis declines as enzymes become denatured

22
Q

Explain how carbon dioxide affects the rate of photosynthesis

A

As carbon dioxide is an essential input to the light independent stage without it photosynthesis can not occur. The more carbon dioxide present the quicker carbon fixation can occur and the Calvin cycle can run quicker. However at high carbon dioxide the rate of photosynthesis plateaues therefore some other factor other than carbon dioxide is limiting the rate of photosynthesis

23
Q

Describe the affect carbon dioxide has on the rate of photosynthesis and draw the graph

A

The rate of photosynthesis increases as the concentration of carbon dioxide increases until it reaches a plateau and some other factor other than carbon dioxide is limiting the rate of photosynthesis

24
Q

Define cellular respiration

A

A catabolic energy yielding(making) pathway that envolves organisms breaking down to form energy rich molecules such as glucose releasing energy called ATP to be used by cells

25
Q

Aerobic respiration requires

A

Oxygen

26
Q

Anaerobic respiration requires

A

Does not require oxygen

27
Q

What are the four stages of respiration called

A

Glycolysis
Transition reaction
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain

28
Q

What occurs in glycolysis and location

A

Occurs in cytoplasm of cell, with out without oxygen present.
Involves breaking down glucose to form 2 pyruvate, 2ATP and 2 NADH

Overall adds to output of ATP

29
Q

What is the transition reaction and location

A

Occurs in matrix of mitrocondria
Formation of acetyl coenzyme A from pyruvate, and NADH.Carbon dioxide is removed

Overall adds to carbon dioxide output

30
Q

What is the kreb cycle and location

A

Occurs in matrix of mitrocondria
A series of reactions that begins with acetyl coenzyme A joining with another compound, that produce carbon dioxide, ATP, NADH, FADH

overall adds to carbon dioxide and ATP outputs

31
Q

What is the electron transport chain and location

A

Mitochondria cristae
Involves using oxygen with hydrogen ions to form water. NADH and FADH produced in other steps are used to drive a series of protein carries that move hydrogen ions to form a concentration gradient. The movement of hydrogen ions back across the membrane using ATPsynthase is where ATP is formed

32
Q

What’s the overal number of ATP produced in respiration

A

36

33
Q

What’s the worded and chemical equation for respiration

A

Glucose + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water +32ATP

34
Q

What is anaerobic respiration called in animals

A

Lactic acid fermentation

35
Q

What is the process of lactic acid fermentation

A
  1. Glycolysis- breaking down code to from pyruvate and ATP

2. With oxygen present the chemical pathway converts pyruvate into lactic acid

36
Q

What’s the worded equation for lactic acid fermentation

A

Glucose —-> lactic acid + 2ATP

37
Q

What’s the process of alcoholic fermentation

A

1 glycolysis- breaks down glucose to form pyruvate and ATP.

2. Without oxygen present the chemical pathway converts pyruvate to form ethanol and carbon dioxide

38
Q

What’s the worded equation for alcoholic fermentation

A

Glucose—> ethanol + carbon dioxide + 2ATP

39
Q

Rate of ATP production aerobic vs anaerobic respiration

A

Aerobic- slower as there are many more steps

Anaerobic- faster as only glucose needs to break down

40
Q

ATP yield aerobic vs anaerobic respiration

A

Aerobic is high as 36ATP is produced therefore it is more efficient
Anaerobic only 2 ATP is produced

41
Q

Define compensation point

A

The point at which the rate of photosynthesis is the same as respiration.
The plant is self sustaining

42
Q

Explain compensation rate

A

Co2 uptake p/s = CO2 production respiration

02 uptake resp= 02 production p/s

43
Q

Draw a photosynthesis respiration light intensity graph and explain

A

Photo

44
Q

How to rememeber difference between Calvin cycle and kerbs cycle

A

Kreb has an R for respiration

45
Q

Would a plant in shaded areas have more or less grana

A

More therefore give greater ability to absorb available light

46
Q

Evidence of endosymbiosis theory in mitrochondria and chloroplasts

A

Contain DNA that’s able to slef replicate, have a double membrane, have ribosomes which shows they can make own proteins

Biology Year 12 (8 decks)

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