Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration (chapters 5-6) Flashcards
ATP
Adeno-Triphosphate
ADP
Adeno-Diphosphate
Sources of Phosphate
- Food
- Sunlight
Reverse of Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Purpose of Photosynthesis
Convert solar energy into chemical energy, stored for future use
Location of Photosynthesis
Takes place in Eukaryotes in the membrane bound organelle: The Chloroplast
Where does chloroplast get it’s green pigment from?
Chlorophyll
How does Photosynthesis start?
Chlorophyll absorbs wavelengths of light required to begin photosynthesis
Where is Chlorophyll found?
Thylakoid Membrane within the Chloroplast
Stoma
A tiny pore used for gas exchange in plants
Endosymbiosis
Theory that eukaryotic cells came from prokaryotic cells
Chloroplast Contents:
- Thylakoid
- Stroma
- DNA and Ribosomes
Thylakoid
Flattened structure, stacked into structure called GRANA
Stroma
Liquid interior of organelle
C3 Photosynthesis Phases
- Light dependant phase
- Light independant phase (Calvin Cycle)
Light Dependant Phase Location
Occurs in thylakoid membrane of Chloroplast, mostly in Mesophyll Cells
Light Independant Phase Location
Occurs in the Stroma of the Chloroplast, Mosly in Bundle Sheat Cells
Light Dependant Phase
- Chlorophyll traps light energy
- Water is splt to produce O2
- NADP+ picks up H+ ions and electrons to become NADPH
- ATP synthase, an enzyme complex found in the thylakoid membrane, converts ADP and Phosphate to ATP
Light Independant Phase
- Carbon fixation – which refers to the conversion of CO2 and RuBP into 3-PGA.
Carbon from the inorganic CO2 is ‘fixed’ into an organic compound.
Rubisco is responsible for taking carbon from an inorganic, gaseous form (CO2) and
incorporating it into an organic compound (3-PGA) - Reduction – NADPH donates electrons to an intermediate three-carbon molecule in the cycle to produce G3P
- Regeneration – the RuBP molecules needed to start the cycle again are reproduced.
Does Light Independant Phase require light
Light independant phase does not require light, but does require the outputs of the light dependant phase, Thereform the Light Independant phase ceases shortly after the Light Dependant phase
RuBisCo
Enzyme in the Calvin Cycle, incorporates CO2 into plants during Photosynthesis
Stages of Calvin Cycle
1) RuBisCo incorporates Carbon Dioxide into an organic molecule (3-PGA)
2) Organic molecule is reduced using electrons supplied by NADPH
3) RuBP, the molecule that starts the cycle, regenerates so that the cycle can start again
Problem with RuBisCo
If stomata close to prevent water loss, O2 builds up within the Stomata, causing:
RuBisCo to add O2 instead of CO2 to RubP
Carbon Fixation
CO2 is ‘fixed’ from it’s organic form to organic molecules