Photosynthesis

Question 1

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 1

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 2

What does ADP stand for?

Answer 2

Adenosine diphosphate

Question 3

What is ATP?

Answer 3

The energy molecule used in all living things

Question 4

What type of reaction is ATP formation?

Answer 4

Endergonic reaction

Question 5

What is the addition of a phosphate molecule to ATP called?

Answer 5

Phosphorylation

Question 6

What is the removal of a phosphate molecule from ATP called?

Answer 6

Dephosphorylation; gives off energy

Question 7

What does ETS stand for?

Answer 7

Electron Transport System

Question 8

Where is the ETS always found?

Answer 8

Membranes

Question 9

What is oxidation?

Answer 9

Loss of electrons; more positive charge

Question 10

What is reduction?

Answer 10

Gaining of electrons; less positive charge

Question 11

What can all autotrophs/producers/self feeders carry out?

Answer 11

Photosynthesis

Question 12

What does photosynthesis do?

Answer 12

Harnesses sunlight and converts it into a form of useable energy (glucose and starch)

Question 13

What is the formula for photosynthesis?

Answer 13

CO2 + H2O + light —-> C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O

Question 14

Where does photosynthesis occur in plants?

Answer 14

Chloroplasts of plant cells; within the thylakoid membrane and stroma

Question 15

What do chloroplasts contain?

Answer 15

The photosensitive pigment chlorophyll

Question 16

What are carotenoids?

Answer 16

Other accessory pigments

Question 17

What is the stroma?

Answer 17

Interior space of the chloroplast; dark reaction

Question 18

What is the thylakoid disk?

Answer 18

A photosynthetic membrane; light reaction

Question 19

What are grana?

Answer 19

Stacks of thylakoid disks

Question 20

What are lamellae?

Answer 20

Unstacked thylakoids between grana

Question 21

What is the first stage of light reactions?

Answer 21

Solar energy is captured and transferred to the electrons, water is split

Question 22

What is photolysis?

Answer 22

The splitting of water with light

Question 23

What is the formula for photolysis?

Answer 23

2H2O + light —> 4H + 4e- + O2

Question 24

What are the clusters of chlorophyll within the thylakoid membrane called?

Answer 24

Photosystems

Question 25

What happens when light hits photosystem 2?

Answer 25

Energy is absorbed and electrons are promoted to an electron acceptor at a higher energy level

Question 26

What happens as electrons fall down the electron transport chain?

Answer 26

Energy is released and can be used to make ATP

Question 27

What is NADP+ ?

Answer 27

A cofactor that aids in photosynthesis

Question 28

What does NADP+ serve as?

Answer 28

An electron acceptor and transporter

Question 29

What happens when NADP+ picks up hydrogen?

Answer 29

Becomes NADPH

Question 30

What are the three roles/destinations of NADPH?

Answer 30

1. Directly sent to stroma to be used in dark reaction 2. Transports e- (ETS of cyclic photo-phosphorylation) 3. Transports H+ (ATP synthase of chemiosmosis)

Question 31

What is the second stage of light reactions?

Answer 31

Electron transfer and the production of ATP

Question 32

What is ATP made from?

Answer 32

ADP + phosphate

Question 33

How is ATP made?

Answer 33

Cyclic photo-phosphorylation and chemiosmosis

Question 34

What is cyclic photo-phosphorylation?

Answer 34

The movement of electrons through an ETC; as electrons move down through an ETC enough energy is produced to phosphorylate ADP and ATP

Question 35

What is chemiosmosis?

Answer 35

The movement of H+ ions down the concentration gradient, across the membrane, through an ATP synthase complex. As they do this ATP is produced. (facilitated diffusion)

Question 36

What is the third stage of photosynthesis?

Answer 36

The Calvin Benson cycle and carbon fixation

Question 37

Where does the dark reaction take place?

Answer 37

The stroma

Question 38

What does the Calvin Benson cycle use to produce glucose?

Answer 38

ATP, high energy electrons, NADPH, CO2

Question 39

What is RuBP?

Answer 39

Ribulose biphosphate; a 5 carbon sugar that acts as a CO2 acceptor

Question 40

What is the resulting 6 carbon sugar split into?

Answer 40

Two 3 carbon PGA molecules

Question 41

Using H from NADPH, what is PGA converted into?

Answer 41

PGAL

Question 42

What can PGAL be used to produce?

Answer 42

Glucose, starch, sucrose, glycerol, or cellulose; or it will be recycled

Question 43

How many times must the Calvin Benson cycle turn to produce one glucose molecule?

Answer 43

Six times

Question 44

What is O2 produce from?

Answer 44

Photolysis

Question 45

What does an endergonic reaction mean?

Answer 45

Energy must be added

Question 46

How many times must the Calvin Benson cycle turn to produce each PGA molecule?

Answer 46

Three times