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Bio 20 > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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2
Q

What does ADP stand for?

A

Adenosine diphosphate

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3
Q

What is ATP?

A

The energy molecule used in all living things

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4
Q

What type of reaction is ATP formation?

A

Endergonic reaction

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5
Q

What is the addition of a phosphate molecule to ATP called?

A

Phosphorylation

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6
Q

What is the removal of a phosphate molecule from ATP called?

A

Dephosphorylation; gives off energy

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7
Q

What does ETS stand for?

A

Electron Transport System

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8
Q

Where is the ETS always found?

A

Membranes

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9
Q

What is oxidation?

A

Loss of electrons; more positive charge

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10
Q

What is reduction?

A

Gaining of electrons; less positive charge

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11
Q

What can all autotrophs/producers/self feeders carry out?

A

Photosynthesis

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12
Q

What does photosynthesis do?

A

Harnesses sunlight and converts it into a form of useable energy (glucose and starch)

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13
Q

What is the formula for photosynthesis?

A

CO2 + H2O + light —-> C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O

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14
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur in plants?

A

Chloroplasts of plant cells; within the thylakoid membrane and stroma

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15
Q

What do chloroplasts contain?

A

The photosensitive pigment chlorophyll

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16
Q

What are carotenoids?

A

Other accessory pigments

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17
Q

What is the stroma?

A

Interior space of the chloroplast; dark reaction

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18
Q

What is the thylakoid disk?

A

A photosynthetic membrane; light reaction

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19
Q

What are grana?

A

Stacks of thylakoid disks

20
Q

What are lamellae?

A

Unstacked thylakoids between grana

21
Q

What is the first stage of light reactions?

A

Solar energy is captured and transferred to the electrons, water is split

22
Q

What is photolysis?

A

The splitting of water with light

23
Q

What is the formula for photolysis?

A

2H2O + light —> 4H + 4e- + O2

24
Q

What are the clusters of chlorophyll within the thylakoid membrane called?

A

Photosystems

25
Q

What happens when light hits photosystem 2?

A

Energy is absorbed and electrons are promoted to an electron acceptor at a higher energy level

26
Q

What happens as electrons fall down the electron transport chain?

A

Energy is released and can be used to make ATP

27
Q

What is NADP+ ?

A

A cofactor that aids in photosynthesis

28
Q

What does NADP+ serve as?

A

An electron acceptor and transporter

29
Q

What happens when NADP+ picks up hydrogen?

A

Becomes NADPH

30
Q

What are the three roles/destinations of NADPH?

A
  1. Directly sent to stroma to be used in dark reaction
  2. Transports e- (ETS of cyclic photo-phosphorylation)
  3. Transports H+ (ATP synthase of chemiosmosis)
31
Q

What is the second stage of light reactions?

A

Electron transfer and the production of ATP

32
Q

What is ATP made from?

A

ADP + phosphate

33
Q

How is ATP made?

A

Cyclic photo-phosphorylation and chemiosmosis

34
Q

What is cyclic photo-phosphorylation?

A

The movement of electrons through an ETC; as electrons move down through an ETC enough energy is produced to phosphorylate ADP and ATP

35
Q

What is chemiosmosis?

A

The movement of H+ ions down the concentration gradient, across the membrane, through an ATP synthase complex. As they do this ATP is produced. (facilitated diffusion)

36
Q

What is the third stage of photosynthesis?

A

The Calvin Benson cycle and carbon fixation

37
Q

Where does the dark reaction take place?

A

The stroma

38
Q

What does the Calvin Benson cycle use to produce glucose?

A

ATP, high energy electrons, NADPH, CO2

39
Q

What is RuBP?

A

Ribulose biphosphate; a 5 carbon sugar that acts as a CO2 acceptor

40
Q

What is the resulting 6 carbon sugar split into?

A

Two 3 carbon PGA molecules

41
Q

Using H from NADPH, what is PGA converted into?

A

PGAL

42
Q

What can PGAL be used to produce?

A

Glucose, starch, sucrose, glycerol, or cellulose; or it will be recycled

43
Q

How many times must the Calvin Benson cycle turn to produce one glucose molecule?

A

Six times

44
Q

What is O2 produce from?

A

Photolysis

45
Q

What does an endergonic reaction mean?

A

Energy must be added

46
Q

How many times must the Calvin Benson cycle turn to produce each PGA molecule?

A

Three times

Bio 20 (13 decks)

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