Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What do plant cells store harvested energy as?
Glucose
What must the glucose be transformed into?
Energy; ATP
Where does the transformation of glucose into ATP take place?
Mitochondria
What are the two ways that a cell can harvest energy from glucose?
Anaerobic cell respiration and Aerobic cell respiration
What type of “mode” is anaerobic cell respiration?
Survival mode; quick energy but not long lasting
What is anaerobic cellular respiration?
Glucose metabolism in the absence of oxygen
What does anaerobic cell respiration produce?
2 ATP molecules and either ethanol or lactic acid
What are the two stages of anaerobic cell respiration?
- Glycolysis
2. Fermentation
What is glycolysis?
The first stage of anaerobic cell respiration; glucose is broken down through a series of steps
What does glycolysis produce?
Two 3 carbon molecules of pyruvate and net 2 ATP
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
What is fermentation?
The second stage of anaerobic cell respiration
What happens during fermentation?
NADH generated from glycolysis passes its H atoms to either acetaldehyde to produce ethanol or to produce lactic acid
What is aerobic cellular respiration?
Glucose metabolism with oxygen
What does aerobic cellular respiration produce?
36 ATP molecules, CO2, and H2O
What are the four stages of aerobic cell respiration?
- Glycolysis
- Pyruvate oxidation
- Krebs cycle
- Electron transport and chemiosmosis
What is glycolysis?
The first step of aerobic cell respiration; produces two 3 carbon molecules of pyruvate and net 2 ATP
What is pyruvate oxidation?
The second stage of aerobic cellular respiration
What happens during pyruvate oxidation?
CO2 is removed from pyruvate, NAD+ is reduced to NADH, and co-enzyme A is attached to the remaining 2 carbon molecules to form acetyl co-A
What is the Krebs cycle?
The third stage of aerobic cell respiration
What happens during the Krebs cycle?
A series of reactions that transfers energy from organic molecules to ATP, NADPH, and FADH2; and removes carbon as CO2
Where does the Krebs cycle take place?
Mitochondrial matrix
What is electron transport and chemiosmosis?
The fourth stage of aerobic cell respiration
What does NADH and FADH2 do?
Carry hydrogen atoms and electrons to a series of compounds in the mitochondria that pump H+ ions into the inter-membrane space
What happens as H+ ions move through channels down the concentration gradient?
ATP is produced
What is the final electron acceptor in the ETC?
Oxygen
Without oxygen, what happens?
Electrons cannot move through the chain and no energy is made; everything stops and goes into anaerobic cell res
How much ATP is formed from aerobic cell respiration?
36; 38 is produce but 2 is needed for glycolysis
