Cellular Respiration

Question 1

What do plant cells store harvested energy as?

Answer 1

Glucose

Question 2

What must the glucose be transformed into?

Answer 2

Energy; ATP

Question 3

Where does the transformation of glucose into ATP take place?

Answer 3

Mitochondria

Question 4

What are the two ways that a cell can harvest energy from glucose?

Answer 4

Anaerobic cell respiration and Aerobic cell respiration

Question 5

What type of “mode” is anaerobic cell respiration?

Answer 5

Survival mode; quick energy but not long lasting

Question 6

What is anaerobic cellular respiration?

Answer 6

Glucose metabolism in the absence of oxygen

Question 7

What does anaerobic cell respiration produce?

Answer 7

2 ATP molecules and either ethanol or lactic acid

Question 8

What are the two stages of anaerobic cell respiration?

Answer 8

1. Glycolysis

2. Fermentation

Question 9

What is glycolysis?

Answer 9

The first stage of anaerobic cell respiration; glucose is broken down through a series of steps

Question 10

What does glycolysis produce?

Answer 10

Two 3 carbon molecules of pyruvate and net 2 ATP

Question 11

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 11

Cytoplasm

Question 12

What is fermentation?

Answer 12

The second stage of anaerobic cell respiration

Question 13

What happens during fermentation?

Answer 13

NADH generated from glycolysis passes its H atoms to either acetaldehyde to produce ethanol or to produce lactic acid

Question 14

What is aerobic cellular respiration?

Answer 14

Glucose metabolism with oxygen

Question 15

What does aerobic cellular respiration produce?

Answer 15

36 ATP molecules, CO2, and H2O

Question 16

What are the four stages of aerobic cell respiration?

Answer 16

1. Glycolysis
2. Pyruvate oxidation
3. Krebs cycle
4. Electron transport and chemiosmosis

Question 17

What is glycolysis?

Answer 17

The first step of aerobic cell respiration; produces two 3 carbon molecules of pyruvate and net 2 ATP

Question 18

What is pyruvate oxidation?

Answer 18

The second stage of aerobic cellular respiration

Question 19

What happens during pyruvate oxidation?

Answer 19

CO2 is removed from pyruvate, NAD+ is reduced to NADH, and co-enzyme A is attached to the remaining 2 carbon molecules to form acetyl co-A

Question 20

What is the Krebs cycle?

Answer 20

The third stage of aerobic cell respiration

Question 21

What happens during the Krebs cycle?

Answer 21

A series of reactions that transfers energy from organic molecules to ATP, NADPH, and FADH2; and removes carbon as CO2

Question 22

Where does the Krebs cycle take place?

Answer 22

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 23

What is electron transport and chemiosmosis?

Answer 23

The fourth stage of aerobic cell respiration

Question 24

What does NADH and FADH2 do?

Answer 24

Carry hydrogen atoms and electrons to a series of compounds in the mitochondria that pump H+ ions into the inter-membrane space

Question 25

What happens as H+ ions move through channels down the concentration gradient?

Answer 25

ATP is produced

Question 26

What is the final electron acceptor in the ETC?

Answer 26

Oxygen

Question 27

Without oxygen, what happens?

Answer 27

Electrons cannot move through the chain and no energy is made; everything stops and goes into anaerobic cell res

Question 28

How much ATP is formed from aerobic cell respiration?

Answer 28

36; 38 is produce but 2 is needed for glycolysis