Photosynthesis

Question 1

Photosynthesis

Answer 1

Converting light energy into food

Question 2

Chloroplasts

Answer 2

Site of photosynthesis in the plant cell; two membranes surrounding stroma; third membrane (thylakoids) inside the stroma

Question 3

Chlorophyll

Answer 3

A green pigment within the thylakoid membrane

Question 4

Stomata

Answer 4

Microscopic pores that permit oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water to flow through

Question 5

Light reactions

Answer 5

The process of splitting water to produce ATP and NADPH, occurs in the thylakoid membranes

Question 6

Calvin cycle

Answer 6

The process of fixing carbon dioxide to organic molecules

Question 7

Pigment

Answer 7

A chemical that absorbs certain colors of light

Question 8

Main types of pigment

Answer 8

Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids

Question 9

Photoprotection

Answer 9

The dissipation of excess light energy that could damage light cells

Question 10

Photosystem

Answer 10

A reaction-center complex surrounded by light-harvesting complexes

Question 11

Photosystem II

Answer 11

The first photosystem to function; contains P680 as the reaction-center chlorophyll

Question 12

Photosystem I

Answer 12

The second photosystem to function; contains P700 as the reaction-center chlorophyll

Question 13

Linear electron flow

Answer 13

The movement of excited electrons through PS II, down an electron transport chain, through PS I, and down a second ETC to reach NADP+

Question 14

Cyclic electron flow

Answer 14

The cycle of electrons going from PS I to the first ETC, producing no NADPH but plenty of ATP

Question 15

Chemiosmosis in plants

Answer 15

Converts light energy to ATP; proton gradient is pumped from stroma to thylakoid space

Question 16

Calvin cycle product

Answer 16

G3P

Question 17

Carbon fixation process

Answer 17

Rubisco catalyzes the attachment of carbon dioxide to RuBP, making 3-carbon intermediates

Question 18

Reduction

Answer 18

3-carbon intermediates are reduced to G3P; some G3P leaves the cycle

Question 19

Regeneration

Answer 19

The rest of G3P is built back into RuBP

Question 20

Net gain/loss of Calvin cycle

Answer 20

9 ATP and 6 NADPH used

One G3P made

Question 21

C3 plants

Answer 21

Plants where carbon fixation first produces a 3-carbon intermediate

Question 22

Photorespiration

Answer 22

The process where rubisco consumes oxygen during the Calvin cycle, producing carbon dioxide and generating no sugar

Question 23

C4 plants

Answer 23

Plants that have a precursor cycle to the Calvin cycle, which makes a 4-carbon intermediate

Question 24

Mesophyll cells

Answer 24

Site of the C4 precursor cycle

Question 25

Bundle-sheath cells

Answer 25

Site of the Calvin cycle in C4 plants

Question 26

CAM plants

Answer 26

Plants that isolate a precursor and Calvin cycle by time, rather than location in different cells