Photosynthesis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Photosynthesis Pathway

A

§ Photosynthesis as energy transfer process, it transfer ___light_____ energy into ___chemical_____ energy.

§ The light energy is needed for making ATP.

§ ______Water molecule__________is split by light to form ___oxygen_____
(which diffused out) and __hydrogen______ ( which used to make carbohydrates.)

§ The ATP produced is used to fix _______carbon dioxide_________and hydrogen to make __carbohydrates__

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 reactions

A

light dependent and light independent pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The absorption and action spectra

A

§ The sunlight compose of a range of light with different _____wavelengths_______ (Colors), plants absorb light at varies wavelength and thus show varies photosynthesis rate.

§ The absorption and action spectrum shows ____similar pattern_________, where the _______violet and blue_________ wavelength is used most efficiently and __red__ quite efficiently.

§ However, there is little light absorption in __green_____, as the chlorophyll is ___reflecting________ most of the green light.

§ There is more than one photosynthetic pigment in leaves. These include chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid because by having more than one type of pigment, plant can absorb _________as much different wavelength_________________as possible

________chromatography________ can be used to separate the pigments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Analyzing photosynthesis reaction

A

§ Photosynthesis rate can be measured ______directly or indirectly_____________.

§ To measure the photosynthesis rate directly, one can measure the amount of ______oxygen______ produced or carbon dioxide used _______per unit of time__

§ To measure the photosynthesis rate indirectly, one can measure the _____increase of biomass_ per unit of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Factors that affect the photosynthesis rate

A

§ The limiting factor for photosynthesis are: _______light intensity, carbon dioxide level and temperature

§ As there is more than one limiting factors, this suggest that photosynthesis contain more than one reaction pathway.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

chloroplast structures

A

Outer membrane

Inner membrane

Stroma

Thylakoid membrane

Grana (Stacks of thylakoid)

Lamellae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

outer membrane

A

Control what enters or exit the chloroplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

inner membrane

A

Control what enters or exit the chloroplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

stroma

A

Site for light independent reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

thylakoid membrane

A

Site for light dependent reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Grana (stocks of thylakoid)

A

Site for light dependent reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

lamellae

A

Site for light dependent reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

chloroplasts

A

§ Usually round in appearance with a ______double membrane___ exterior

§ ___Flattened dics_________ (thylakoids) arranged into _stacks__ (grana), connected by lamellae

§ Internal lumen of thylakoids is very ____small________ (allows for a more rapid generation of a proton gradient)

§ ____Ribosomes________ and ______chloroplast DNA______are usually not visible at standard resolutions and magnifications

§ ___Starch granules_________may be visible and will appear as dark spots within the chloroplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Light dependent reaction (LDR)

A

§ Occurs at the intermembrane space of the _____thylakoid________ in the chloroplast.

§ Uses __________photosynthetic pigments_______________ (organized into photosystems) to convert _____light energy____________________into _______chemical energy__________________ (ATP and NADPH).

§ In the chlorophyll there are two enzyme complexes called ____photosystem I ______ (PSI) and _____photosystem II________ (PSII).

§ There are two reaction pathways in LDR: ____cyclic photophosphorylation ______________________and ________non-cyclic photophosphorylation __________________.

the limiting factors for LDR are temperature and light intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

LDR : Cyclic photophosphorylation

A

§ Electron is ____excited_______ by light in PSI to a ____higher energy level__________________.

§ The electron enters ________electron transport chain______________to make ___ATP_____ though _chemiosmosis__

§ The excited electron then _____returns______ to PSI.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

LDR : Non-cyclic photophosphorylation

A

§ Electron is ___excited_______ by light in PSI to a _________higher energy level___________.

§ Electron carrier, ____NADP______ carries the electron to the ___light independent reaction___.

§ Meanwhile, light excites PSII electron. This excited electron will pass through _________electron transport chain_____________________before passing to PSI to compensate electron loss in PSI.

§ PSII obtains its electron by _______breaking down water_____________water. As this process requires light, this reaction is called ____photolysis______.

17
Q

Light independent reaction (Calvin Cycle)

A

§ Occurs at the _____stroma_____ of the chloroplast.

§ The LIR uses the products of LDR: _________ATP and reduced
NADP___________to run the cycle.

§ Therefore, without LDR, there will be no LIR.

§ The limiting factor in LIR is ____temperature______ and ______carbon
dioxide________level.

18
Q

Carbon Fixation

A

Carbon fixation: a 5C compound, _____________Ribulose biphosphate (RuBP)_________________combines with _______carbon dioxide______to form a 6C compound, catalyzed by the enzyme ______________Ribulose biphosphate carboxylase____.

§ The reactive 6C compound is very unstable and immediately splits into two 3C compounds called ________glycerate 3 phosphate_____

§ A single cycle involves ____three_________ molecules of RuBP combining with _____three________ molecules of CO2 to make _____six________ molecules of GP

19
Q

Reduction

A

Each glycerate 3 phosphate is then converted to 2 triose phosphates.

During this process, _____ATP_____and ______reduce NADP (NADPH)_______are used.

20
Q

Lollipop Experiment

A

§ ______Radioactive carbon 14__________________is added to a ‘lollipop’ apparatus containing ______green algae__________ (Chlorella)
§ ____Light____ is shone on the apparatus to induce photosynthesis (which will incorporate the carbon-14 into organic compounds)
§ After different periods of time, the algae is killed by running it into a solution of ___heated_____ __alchohol______ (stops cell metabolism)
§ Dead algal samples are analyzed using ______2D chromatography__________, which separates out the different carbon compounds
§ Any radioactive carbon compounds on the chromatogram were then identified using __X-Ray______
§ By comparing different periods of light exposure, the ___order_____ by which carbon compounds are generated was determined

21
Q

Photosynthesis vs Respiration

A

§ Photosynthesis is an ____anabolic____ process, whereas cell respiration is a ___catabolic_____ process:
§ Photosynthesis uses Calvin cycle to synthesize glucose (requires hydrogen carriers and carbon dioxide)
§ Cell Respiration uses Krebs cycle to break down glucose (releases hydrogen carriers and carbon dioxide)

§ Photosynthesis and cell respiration ________both involve the production of chemical energy____________________________:
§ In photosynthesis, ATP is produced via ___light energy_____
§ In cell respiration, ATP is produced by _______brreaking down organic
molecules_________________

§ Transfer of electrons to _______________electron transport chain and
chemiosmosis______________________________:
§ In photosynthesis, electrons are donated by _____chlorophyll to
NADP___________and protons accumulate within the ________lumen of
the thylakoid_____________
§ In cell respiration, electrons are donated by _______electron carriers
(NAD/FAD)_________ and protons accumulate in the ____________intermembrane space of mitochondria____________________