A1.1 Water Flashcards

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1
Q

Water structure

A

Water (H2O) is made up of 2 hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to an oxygen atom.

Water is described as polar because the oxygen atom is slightly negative (δ–) while the hydrogen atoms are slightly positive (δ+).

Water can form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules (between a δ+ hydrogen and a δ– oxygen of two molecules).

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2
Q

Water properties

A

Solvent properties
Cohesion
Adhesion
High heat capacity
High latient heat
theramal conductivity
buoyancy
viscosity

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3
Q

solvent properties

A
  • Able to dissolve charged particles (due to the partially positive H and partially negative O)

Act as a good metabolic and transport medium.

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4
Q

cohesion

A
  • Strong hydrogen bonds between water molecules, creating surface tension
  • Allowing organisms to walk on water surface
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5
Q

adhesion

A
  • Water molecules weakly stick onto the walls of container
  • Allowing capillary effect in the xylem tube
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6
Q

High heat capacity

A
  • It takes a lot of energy to change the temperature of water
  • Keeping a relatively stable aquatic temperature
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7
Q

High latentheat

A
  • It takes a lot of energy to evaporate_water
  • Useful as a_coolant_(e.g. sweating)
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8
Q

Thermal Conductivity

A
  • Water absorbs and transfers heat more readily than air as water particles are packed tightly together
  • blood transport heat around the body, water currentdistributing heat around the globe
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9
Q

Buoyancy

A
  • Water applies a greater upward force_than air
  • Allows organisms to float_ in water
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10
Q

Viscosity

A
  • Water is more viscous_than air
  • Increase the friction of flowing molecules
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11
Q

Examples of the Biological Consequences of Water

A

Black-throated loon
Ringed Seal:

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12
Q

Black-throated loon

A

Buoyancy: hollow bones and are less dense, allowing loon to float

Viscosity: Legs are _located at the rear_to better propel them through water

Thermal conductivity: Feathers form an _interlocking structure_that functions as a barrier to water, _preventing heat loss_by the current

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13
Q

Ringed Seal

A

Buoyancy: _denser bones allowing it to stay submerged upon diving

Viscosity: streamlined body to better propel them through water

Thermal conductivity: _outer coat of fur that traps air and thick layer of blubber to present heat loss in water

Specific heat capacity: Do not have many __effective calling mechanisms_because water temperature are generally stable.

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14
Q

The Origin of Water on Earth

A

Hypothesis:

  • Early stage of earths surface was nothing other than magma
  • Over very long periods of time earth cold and numerous asteroid struck the earth bringing hydrated minerals that released water
  • The asteroids became part of the earths crust
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