Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Process by which plants and other microorganisms convert light energy into chemical energy

A

Photosynthesis

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2
Q

This is the protective layer of the leaf

A

Cuticle

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3
Q

It is thin, transport, closely packed cells that allows light to pass through.

A

Epidermis

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4
Q

Upper mesophyll layer, elongated cell, & containing large amounts of chloroplasts.

A

Palisade Mesophyll

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5
Q

Lower mesophyll layer, spherical or ovoid cells, & low chloroplasts and very prominent intercellular air spaces.

A

Spongy Mesophyll

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6
Q

Transports water and minerals

A

Vein

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7
Q

Pores that can be found in the epidermis. It allows the gases to enter & exit the leaf.

A

Stomata

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8
Q

Organelle that is responsible for photosynthetic process.

A

Chloroplast

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9
Q

Capable of absorbing red and blue lights that reflect green lights.

A

Chlorophyll

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10
Q

Ambocyanin

A

Red - Vacuoles

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11
Q

Carotene

A

Orange - Epidermis

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12
Q

Xantophyll

A

Yellow - Inside Chloroplast

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13
Q

Outer membrane

A

Covers the chloroplast

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14
Q

Located between outer membrane & inner membrane

A

Intermembrane

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15
Q

Covers the insides of the chloroplast

A

Innermembrane

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16
Q

Clusters of pigments & proteins that absorb light energy

A

Thylakoid

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17
Q

Stack of Thylakoid

A

Granum

18
Q

Spaces outside the thylakoid membranes; glucose are formed here.

A

Stroma

19
Q

Skeleton of the chloroplast

A

Stoma Lamellae

20
Q

What are the two stages of photosynthesis?

A

Light Dependent Reaction & Dark Dependent Reaction

21
Q

The energy from photons are converted into energy. Namely ATP & NADPH.

A

Light Dependent Reaction

22
Q

This also known as the calvin cycle.

A

Dark Dependent Reaction

23
Q

This happens when monomers release water molecules by product.

A

Dehydration Synthesis

24
Q

These are monomers combined together to form larger molecules.

A

Polymers

25
Q

Monomers are joined by the removal of ___ from one monomer and removal of ___ from the other at the site of bond formation.

A

OH, H

26
Q

Happens when polymers are broken down into monomers.

A

Hydrolysis

27
Q

To split water.

A

Hydrolysis

28
Q

Monomers are released by the addition of a water molecule, adding OH to one monomer and H to the other.

A

Hydrolysis

29
Q

Involves a formation of new bonds & requires energy

A

Dehydration

30
Q

Breaks bonds and releases energy

A

Hydrolysis

31
Q

What are the enzymes that break down carbobydrates?

A

Amylase, Sucrase, Lactase, Maltase

32
Q

What are the enzymes that break proteins?

A

Pepsin and Peptidase

33
Q

What are the enzymes that break lipids?

A

Lipases

34
Q

These are molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

A

Carbohydrate

35
Q

It is an important energy source for most organisms and structural support for plants and insects.

A

Carbohydrate

36
Q

What are the main isomers?

A

Glucose, galactose, & fructose

37
Q

What does hexoses mean?

A

Six carbons

38
Q

Why are Glucose, Galactose, and Fructose called isomers?

A

Because they are monosaccharides with the same chemical formula but differ structurally.

39
Q

These are simple sugars.

A

Monosaccharides

40
Q

What are the numbers of carbons in a monosaccharide?

A

3-7 carbons