Cells

Question 1

He is the first person to discover cells.

Answer 1

Robert Hooke

Question 2

How did Robert Hooke discover cells?

Answer 2

through observing a cork under a microscope

Question 3

What is the difference between a Prokaryote and Eukaryote?

Answer 3

Prokaryotes - Has no nucleus while the DNA is stored in the nucleoid region of the cytoplasm. Ex. Bacteria

Eukaryotes - Has a nucleus, this is where the DNA is stored. Has multicellular cells. Ex. Protozoans

Question 4

What is the purpose of DNA?

Answer 4

It is the hereditary material of the cell. These are genes that make up the DNA molecule code for different materials.

Question 5

This is found in the nucleus and used for cellular reproduction. It disappears when cells divide, and make ribosomes which make proteins.

Answer 5

Nucleolus/Nuclei

Question 6

This protects the cell and transports nutrients in and out of the cell. It is composed of double layer of phospholipids and proteins.

Answer 6

Cell/Plasma membrane

Question 7

This is the double layer of the cell membrane, and consists of a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. This is made up of a bilayer where tails point inward at each other. It moves laterally to allow small molecules to enter.

Answer 7

Phospholipids

Question 8

These proteins help move large molecules or aid in cell recognition

Answer 8

Cell membrane proteins

Question 9

Which nutrients do the phospholipid head contain?

Answer 9

Glycerol & Phosphate

Question 10

Which nutrients do the phospholipid tail contain?

Answer 10

Fatty Acids

Question 11

What are the two types of Cell Membrane Proteins?

Answer 11

Peripheral and Integral proteins

Question 12

These proteins are attached on the surface (inner or outer)

Answer 12

Peripheral Proteins

Question 13

These proteins are embedded completely outside the cell membrane

Answer 13

Integral Proteins

Question 14

These lie immediately against the cell wall in plant cells. It pushes out against the call wall to maintain cell shape.

Answer 14

Plant Cell Membrane

Question 14

A jelly like substance enclosed by the membrane. It holds the organelles and provides a medium for chemical reaction to occur.

Answer 14

Cytoplasm

Question 15

It is a microscopic acid that performs various functions for a cell. It is found in the cytoplasm and may or may not be membrane-bound.

Answer 15

Organelles

Question 16

It helps the cell maintain its shape and assists organelles to move around. It is also made up of proteins.

Answer 16

Cytoskeleton

Question 17

What are the two types of cytoskeletons?

Answer 17

Microfilaments and Microtubules

Question 18

This is a threadlike cytoskeleton, made out of actin.

Answer 18

Microfilament

Question 19

This is a tubelike cytoskeleton, made out of tubulin.

Answer 19

Microtubules

Question 20

This is the study of cells.

Answer 20

Cytology

Question 21

The powerhouse of the cell, in which it generates cellular energy (ATP).

Answer 21

Mitochondria

Question 22

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 22

Adenine Thyphosphate

Question 23

What is the process of burning glucose called?

Answer 23

Cellular Respiration

Question 24

This is surrounded by a double membrane, commonly found in more active cells.

Answer 24

Mitochondria

Question 25

This is a folded inner membrane, in which it increases surface area for more chemical reactions.

Answer 25

Cristae

Question 26

This is the network of hollow membrane tubules. It connects to the nuclear envelope and cell membrane. It functions in synthesis of cell products and transportation.

Answer 26

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 27

What are the two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?

Answer 27

Rough & Smooth ER

Question 28

This ER has ribosomes on its surface, makes membrane proteins for **exportation** out of the cell.

Answer 28

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 28

This ER makes membrane lipids (steroids), regulates calcium, and destroys toxic substances through the liver.

Answer 28

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 29

This includes the nuclear membrane connected to ER connected to cell membrane.

Answer 29

Endomembrane System

Question 30

Stacked flattened sacs. It receives proteins through the ER, and transports vesicles with modified proteins that pinch off by the ends.

Answer 30

Golgi Apparatus

Question 31

These contain digestive enzymes in which it hastens the process. It digests the food and gets rid of waste. It also releases enzymes to break down and recycle cell parts.

Answer 31

Lysosomes

Question 32

These are the shorter and numerous ends in cells. It functions in moving cells, fluids, or in small particles across the cell surface.

Answer 32

Cilia

Question 33

These come in longer and fewer, usually one to three in cells.

Answer 33

Flagella

Question 34

These are fluid filled sacks used for storage, commonly small and absent in animal cells. These are found in plant cells.

Answer 34

Vacuoles

Question 35

They store sugars, proteins, lipids, minerals, wastes, salts, water, and enzymes.

Answer 35

Vacuoles

Question 35

Found in **animal cells**, these are **paired structures** near the nucleus. It is a bundle of microtubules and appear during cell division forming mitotic spindles.

Answer 35

Centrioles

Question 36

Surrounded by a double membrane, it is only found in producer organisms (organisms containing chlorophyll). It uses energy from sunlight to make own food (such as glucose).

Answer 36

Chloroplast

Question 37

What is chlorophyll?

Answer 37

This is the green pigment of a plan

Question 38

He theorized that animals are made up of cells.

Answer 38

Theodore Schwann

Question 39

He theorized that plants are made up of cells.

Answer 39

Matthias Schleiden

Question 40

is any eukaryote that is not an animal, land plant or fungus, thus excluding many unicellular groups like the fungal Microsporidia

Answer 40

Protist

Question 41

He used a handheld microscope to view organisms. Used scrapings from his teeth.

Answer 41

Leeuwenhoek

Question 42

This is the simplest type of cell with a very long chain of DNA.

Answer 42

Prokaryote

Question 43

This is not a living thing, therefore it is not a prokaryote. It instead gives prokaryotes the power to spread.

Answer 43

Virus

Question 44

These are complex and multicellular. These includes protozoans, amoeba, and are plant like.

Answer 44

Protist

Question 45

This is the process of cell producing energy.

Answer 45

Cell Respiration

Question 46

This is a double membrane surrounding the nucleus. It contains nuclear pores for materials to enter & leave nucleus.

Answer 46

Nuclear Envelope/Membrane