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Biology - Metabolic Processes > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Transpiration

A

Exit of water out of the stomata of the leaves

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1
Q

What is photosynthesis carried out by?

A

Kingdoms:
- Plantae
- Eubacteria
- Protista

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2
Q

Photosynthesis Definition

A
  • Process that where autotrophs and some protists convert sunlight into chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates
  • Ex. Glucose, cellulose, sucrose
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3
Q

What are the two steps of photosynthesis?

A
  • Light Dependent Reactions
  • Light Independent Reactions
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4
Q

Light Dependent Reactions

A
  • Occur in thylakoid membranes
  • Supply energy needed to drive the Calvin Cycle
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5
Q

Light Independent Reactions

A
  • The Calvin Cycle
  • Also called the synthesis reactions
  • Store chemical energy in the form of glucose/carb
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6
Q

Equation of photosynthesis (written in words)

A
  • Carbon dioxide + water –> glucose + oxygen
  • Opposite to cell respiration
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7
Q

Equation of photosynthesis (not words in elements)

A

6CO2 + 6H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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8
Q

How does photosynthesis complement cellular respiration?

A

Since products of photosynthesis get stored in plants, they are later ingested or inhaled by heterotrophs in order to carry out cell respiration

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9
Q

How is light captured?

A
  • Light shines on photosynthetic flesh
  • Light energy in the form of ‘photons’ excite pigment molecules such as chlorophyll
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10
Q

What is a photon?

A

A packet of light

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11
Q

Chloroplast characteristics

A
  • Double membrane (both are smooth)
  • Very small in size
  • Contain thylakoids and stroma
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12
Q

Thylakoids

A
  • Coin-like structures
  • Light absorption and other accessory pigments
  • Electron transfer
  • ATP synthesis by ATP synthase
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13
Q

Granum

A
  • Plural=Grana
  • Stacks of thylakoids
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14
Q

Stroma

A
  • Liquid filled interior of chloroplasts
  • Where Calvin Cycle occurs
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15
Q

Lumen

A

Middle of thylakoids

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16
Q

Lamellae

A

Bridge connecting grana together

17
Q

What is chlorophyll?

A
  • The most common type of pigment molecule involved in light capturing
18
Q

Where is chlorophyll found?

A

In the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts

19
Q

What colours does chlorophyll reflect?

A
  • Reflects green, giving autotrophs their green colour
20
Q

What are the two different types of chlorophyll?

A
  • Chlorophyll A
  • Chlorophyll B
21
Q

What do accessory pigments do?

A
  • Help chlorophyll do its job
22
Q

2 parts of chlorophyll

A
  • Porphyrin ring
  • Phytol chain
23
Q

What are thylakoid membranes made up of?

A
  • Phospholipid bilayers with pigment-containing proteins in them
24
Q

In the dark, what do plants carry out?

A
  • Cell respiration
  • Since they also have mitochondria
25
Q

What do photons do?

A

They are able to boost electrons to an excited state of high energy

26
Q

Photophosphorylation

A

The eventual production of ATP using light energy

27
Q

Components of a photosystem

A
  • Antenna complex
  • Reaction centre
28
Q

What does the antenna complex contain?

A
  • Accessory pigments that absorb energy and contain excitable electrons
29
Q

Role of antenna complex

A
  • In leaves, each pigment is surrounded by neighbouring pigments
  • That energy is passed from one neighbour to the next until it reaches a chlorophyll A molecule
  • A small amount of energy is lost at each step so the right amount is available to excite electrons in chlorophyll A
30
Q

Reaction Centre

A
  • Chlorophyll A accesses the channeled energy from the accessory pigments
  • Gives electrons needed for photosynthesis
31
Q

Non-Cyclic Flow

A
  • Also called linear flow
  • Key idea: Makes ATP and NADPH that can be used in the Calvin cycle
32
Q

Cyclic Flow

A
  • Non-linear flow
  • Key idea: Makes ATP but no NADPH because electrons don’t make their way to NADP Reductase
33
Q

Note about cyclic flow

A
  • It only happens in some photosynthetic creatures as an option
  • Not mandatory
34
Q

CO2 in Calvin Cycle

A
  • Enters from the atmosphere via the “stomata”
  • When CO2 bonds with the first compound it’s called “Carbon Fixation”
35
Q

Rubisco

A
  • Most abundant enzyme on earth
  • Catalyzes the carbon dioxide
36
Q

Location of Calvin Cycle

A

Stroma

37
Q

Location of Electron transport chain

A
  • Membrane of the thylakoid
  • Thylakoid lumen
  • Stroma
38
Q

Stomata/Stoma

A
  • Pores in the leafs of plants
39
Q

Note about G3P

A
  • Keeps accumulating as more cycles occur
  • After 3 turns (or 3 fixations) one G3P can exist

Biology - Metabolic Processes (14 decks)

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