Introduction to Metabolism

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

• Anabolic and catabolic reactions
• Totality of an organism’s chemical reactions

Question 2

What is anabolism?

Answer 2

Build up or create molecules

Question 3

What is catabolism?

Answer 3

Break down of molecules

Question 4

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 4

Energy of movement

Question 5

What is potential energy?

Answer 5

• Stored energy
• Available to do work

Question 6

What is chemical energy?

Answer 6

• Potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction

Question 7

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 7

• Total amount of energy in the Universe is constant
• Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but may be changed from one form to another

Question 8

When Bonds are formed…

Answer 8

Energy is released to the environment (on the product side)

Question 9

When Bonds Break…

Answer 9

Energy is absorbed by the breaking bonds (on the reactant side)

Question 10

Exothermic Reaction

Answer 10

• Reactions where energy is released
• Leaves the products with less chemical potential energy compared to the reactants
• Heat tends to be released

Question 11

What is △H in exothermic reactions?

Answer 11

• The change in potential energy is negative
• Heat, light or other energy is usually given off in this type of reaction

Question 12

Exothermic Reaction Example

Answer 12

• Respiration
• Makes ATP at the expense of a small investment

Question 13

What does △H stand for?

Answer 13

• Change in enthalpy
• Change in heat

Question 14

What does H stand for?

Answer 14

Enthalpy

Question 15

What does Ea stand for?

Answer 15

Activation energy

Question 16

Endothermic Reactions

Answer 16

• Reactions where energy is absorbed
• Leaves the products with more chemical potential energy compared to the reactants
• Heat tends to be absorbed, leaves surroundings cool

Question 17

What is the △H in endothermic reactions?

Answer 17

• △H is positive
• The energy of activation is large

Question 18

Endothermic Reaction Example

Answer 18

• Photosynthesis is an endothermic process

Question 19

What type of reaction (endothermic or exothermic) requires less energy?

Answer 19

• Exothermic reactions
• The overall amount of energy is always lower

Question 20

What type of reaction (endothermic or exothermic) is more common?

Answer 20

• Exothermic reactions
• They are always considered “spontaneous”
• These reactions are more likely to occur without too much work

Question 21

What is the most common type of energy to be released or absorbed in potential energy diagrams?

Answer 21

Heat

Question 22

Factors that determine whether a chemical reaction will occur

Answer 22

• Energy
• Entropy

Question 23

What is entropy?

Answer 23

• The measurement of disorder in a system

Question 24

What is △S?

Answer 24

• Entropy
• Change in order

Question 25

The Second Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 25

- The Entropy of the universe increases when any change occurs

Question 26

Note about entropy

Answer 26

The total entropy of a system and its surrounding increases whenever there is any change, such as a chemical reaction

Question 27

What types of molecules have less entropy?

Answer 27

Complex, organized molecules

Question 28

What types of molecules have more entropy?

Answer 28

Small, gaseous molecules

Question 29

Factors that increase entropy

Answer 29

- Changes in state - Changes in concentration

Question 30

Change in state (Factor that increases entropy)

Answer 30

- When solids react to form liquids or gases - When liquids react to form gaseous products

Question 31

Change in concentration (Factor that increases entropy)

Answer 31

- When the total number of product molecules is greater than the total number of reactant molecules