Photosynthesis

Question 1

The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.

Answer 1

Photosynthesis

Question 2

It is essential for the growth and survival of autotrophic organisms, as well as for providing oxygen to the atmosphere

Answer 2

Photosynthesis

Question 3

Ancient civilizations,
such as the _____ and
________, noted that
plants appeared to “eat”
air and sunlight.

Answer 3

Greeks and Egyptians

Question 4

conducted experiments and concluded that water was the source of a plant’s increased mass.

Answer 4

Jan Baptista Van Helmont

Question 5

• conducted experiments with a variety of gases, including “dephlogisticated air” (now known as oxygen).
• observed that plants exposed to sunlight
  released a gas that could relight a burning candle, which we now recognize as oxygen.

Answer 5

Joseph Priestley

Question 6

• get their energy from “eating others”
• consumers of other organisms
• consume organic molecules

Answer 6

Heterotrophs

Question 7

• get their energy from “self”
• get their energy from sunlight
• use light energy to synthesize organic molecules

Answer 7

Autotrophs

Question 8

• consumers
• animals
• fungi
• most bacteria

Answer 8

Heterotrophs

Question 9

• producers
• plants
• photosynthetic bacteria

Answer 9

Autotrophs

Question 10

What does the plant obtain to complete photosynthesis?

Answer 10

Sunlight, Carbon dioxide, Water, Nutrients

Question 11

What does it mean to be a plant?

Answer 11

• collect light energy
• store light energy
• need to get building block atoms from the environment (CHONPS)
• produce all organic molecules needed for growth (Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids)

Question 12

• double membrane
• stroma
• thylakoid sacs
• grana stacks

Answer 12

Chloroplast

Question 13

H+ gradient build up within thylakoid sac

Answer 13

Chlorophyll & ETC in thylakoid membrane

Question 14

sheathed with an upper and lower epidermis. The exposed
surfaces of the epidermal cells are coated with a cuticle.

Answer 14

Leaf

Question 15

are located between the two epidermal layers and are consequently identified as mesophyll (meso, middle; phyll, leaf)
tissues.

Answer 15

Photosynthetic tissues

Question 16

tissue generally consists of one to three layers of palisade mesophyll cells.

Answer 16

Upper photosynthetic

Question 17

are elongated, cylindrical cells with the long axis perpendicular to the surface of the leaf.

Answer 17

Palisade cells

Question 18

are the smallest unit of light.

Answer 18

Photons

Question 19

The light emitted from the sun contains photons in a wide spectrum of wavelengths, called the

Answer 19

Electromagnetic spectrum

Question 20

Photosynthetic
organisms use only a
short portion of the
electromagnetic
spectrum called

Answer 20

Visible light

Question 21

are green because they absorb light wavelengths in red & blue and reflect green back out

Answer 21

Chloroplast

Question 22

Carbon dioxide and water are converted into
_____________ and ____________, driven by the energy of sunlight captured by chlorophyll and other pigments.

Answer 22

Glucose and oxygen

Question 23

molecules are taken in from the surrounding
environment.

Answer 23

Carbon dioxide

Question 24

This is absorbed by chlorophyll
and other pigments in the
chloroplasts.​

Answer 24

Water

Question 25

a simple sugar, is the
primary product of
photosynthesis and serves as
an energy-rich molecule for the
cell.

Answer 25

Glucose

Question 26

is released as a
byproduct of photosynthesis
and is released into the
atmosphere.

Answer 26

oxygen gas

Question 27

• convert solar energy to chemical energy
• ATP

Answer 27

Light reactions

Question 28

uses chemical energy (NADPH & ATP) to reduce carbon dioxide to build sugars

Answer 28

Calvin cycle

Question 29

act as light-gathering “antenna complex”

Answer 29

Photosystems

Question 30

2 photosystems in thylakoid membrane

Answer 30

Photosystem II and Photosystem I

Question 31

The key to the photosynthetic electron transport chain is the
presence of two large, multimolecular, pigment-protein complexes
known as

Answer 31

Photosystem I

Question 32

These two photosystems operate in series linked by a third multiprotein aggregate called the

Answer 32

Cytochrome complex

Question 33

The effect of the chain is to extract low-energy electrons from water
and, using light energy trapped by chlorophyll, raise the energy level
of those electrons to produce a strong reductant

Answer 33

NADPH

Question 34

-The bulk of the chlorophyll in the photosystem functions
as

Answer 34

antenna chlorophyll

Question 35

The association of chlorophyll with specific proteins forms a number of different

Answer 35

chlorophyll-protein (CP) complexes

Question 36

consist of accessory
pigment molecule and chlorophyll – the molecules that
absorb the photons of light.

Answer 36

photosystems

Question 37

consists of two chlorophyll-proteins (CP) known as CP43 and CP47.

Answer 37

Photosystem II

Question 38

it is the longest-wavelength, thus the lowest-energy-absorbing
chlorophyll in the complex.

Answer 38

energy sink

Question 39

is the site of the primary photochemical
redox reaction, it is here that light energy is actually converted to chemical energy.

Answer 39

reaction center chlorophyll a