Photosynthesis Flashcards
Which of the following are the reactants required to conduct photosynthesis?
A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide and water
C. Water and sugar
D. Water and oxygen
E. Sunlight and sugar
B. Carbon dioxide and water
Which of the following is the correct overall reaction of photosynthesis?
A. 6CO2 + 5H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
B. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
C. C6H12O6 + 6CO2 → 6O2 + 6H2O
D. 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
E. 6CO2 + 6O2 → C6H12O6 + 6H2O
D. 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Which of the following are the light-absorbing pigments in plant cells?
A. Carotenoids
B. Stomata
C. Chlorophyll
D. Phytochrome
E. Thylakoid
C. Chlorophyll
Which colors are reflected by carotenoids in plants?
A. Red, green, white
B. Red, orange, yellow
C. Red, orange, green
D. Red, blue, green
E. Red, blue, white
B. Red, orange, yellow
Which of the following best defines the purpose of light in the process of photosynthesis?
A. Light releases carbon dioxide, a needed reactant, into the air
B. Light splits H2O into hydrogen peroxide and ethane
C. Light excites electrons to be incorporated in pigment molecules
D. Light activates the stomata to open in all plants
E. Light directly converts water into sugar
Light excites electrons to be incorporated in pigment molecules
Which of the following are the two chlorophyll A molecules used in photosynthesis?
A. Pr and Pfr
B. P680 and P700
C. P680 and P665
D. P665 and P725
E. P700 and P725
B. P680 and P700
The molecule P700, involved in photosynthesis, includes:
A. Pigment cluster 1 and PSI
B. Pigment cluster 1 and PSII
C. Pigment clusters 1 and 2
D. Pigment cluster 2 and PSI
E. Pigment cluster 2 and PSII
A. Pigment cluster 1 and PSI
In plants, P680 is made up of:
A. Pigment cluster 2 and PSI
B. Pigment cluster 2 and PSII
C. Pigment cluster 1 and PSI
D. Pigment cluster 1 and PSII
E. Pigment clusters 1 and 2
B. Pigment cluster 2 and PSII
Antenna pigments include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Red algae pigment
B. Blue algae pigment
C. Chlorophyll a
D. Carotene
E. Xanthophyll
C. Chlorophyll a
The porphyrin ring in Chlorophyll a is centrally bound to which of the following atoms?
A. He
B. H
C. Mg
D. Ca
E. Na
C. Mg
The energy that drives photosynthesis is:
A. Light energy
B. Chemical energy
C. Potential energy
D. Mechanical energy
E. Elastic energy
A. Light energy
Where is energy stored at the end of photosynthesis?
A. The chemical bonds of water
B. The chemical bonds of carbon dioxide
C. The chemical bonds of glucose
D. The roots of the plant
E. The stroma of the plant
C. The chemical bonds of glucose
Which of the following is the difference between chlorophyll and heme?
A. Chlorophyll porphyrin is complexed with Mg whereas heme porphyrin is complexed with Fe [92%]
B. Chlorophyll porphyrin is complexed with Fe whereas heme porphyrin is complexed with Mg [1%]
C. Chlorophyll porphyrin has no double bonds whereas heme porphyrin has multiple [0%]
D. Chlorophyll is only found in plants whereas heme is only found in mammals [7%]
E. Chlorophyll is only found in animals whereas heme is only found in plants [0%]
A. Chlorophyll porphyrin is complexed with Mg whereas heme porphyrin is complexed with Fe [92%]
Which structure of porphyrin is critical to photosynthesis?
A. The hydrocarbon tail anchors
B. The aromatic hydrocarbon tail
C. The conjugated double bonds
D. The Mg atom
E. The Fe atom
C. The conjugated double bonds
How do antenna pigments aid the process of photosynthesis?
A. Antenna pigments are found on the hidden lateral buds of plants
B. Antenna pigments capture wavelengths of light that chlorophyll a does not
C. Antenna pigments convert chemical energy into light energy
D. Antenna pigments are the wavelengths that are directly absorbed by chlorophyll a
E. Antenna pigments capture energy from electrons to pass to other pigments
B. Antenna pigments capture wavelengths of light that chlorophyll a does not
A stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast is known as a(n):
A. Stroma
B. Stomata
C. Granum
D. Crista
E. Lumen
C. Granum
Where in the chloroplast do protons build up due to the electron transport chain?
A. Thylakoid
B. Thylakoid lumen
C. Outer membrane
D. Inner membrane
E. Intermembrane space
B. Thylakoid lumen
Which of the following is analogous to the cytosol in animal cells?
A. Cell wall in plant cells
B. Stromata in plant cells
C. Stroma in plant cells
D. Thylakoid in plant cells
E. Thylakoid lumen in plant cells
C. Stroma in plant cells
The membranes of thylakoids contain all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. P700
B. P680
C. Cytochrome
D. Phytochrome
E. Electron carriers
D. Phytochrome
Where in the chloroplast does the Calvin Cycle take place?
A. Stomata
B. Stroma
C. Thylakoid
D. Thylakoid lumen
E. Intermembrane space
B. Stroma
In plants, non-cyclic photophosphorylation occurs in the:
A. Thylakoid lumen
B. Thylakoid membrane
C. Stroma lamellae
D. Stroma
E. Intermembrane space
B. Thylakoid membrane
Where in the chloroplast does cyclic phosphorylation occur?
A. Stroma
B. Stromata
C. Stroma lamellae
D. Thylakoid
E. Thylakoid membrane
C. Stroma lamellae
Which of the following physically connects the thylakoids of a plant chloroplast?
A. Phospholipid bilayer
B. Stroma lamellae
C. Gap junctions
D. Anchoring junctions
E. Centrosomes
B. Stroma lamellae
Where in the chloroplast does photolysis occur?
A. Thylakoid
B. Thylakoid lumen
C. Thylakoid membrane
D. Stroma
E. Outer membrane
B. Thylakoid lumen
During non-cyclic photophosphorylation, electrons initially move from the:
A. Chloroplast outer membrane to the chloroplast inner membrane
B. Stroma to the stromata
C. Stroma to the thylakoid membrane
D. Thylakoid lumen to the thylakoid membrane
E. Thylakoid membrane to the thylakoid lumen
D. Thylakoid lumen to the thylakoid membrane
The Calvin Cycle in C3 plants takes place in the:
A. Stroma
B. Thylakoid lumen
C. Thylakoid membrane
D. Intermembrane space
E. Outer membrane
A. Stroma
The process of chemiosmosis in plants occurs across the chloroplasts’:
A. Outer membrane
B. Intermembrane space
C. Inner membrane
D. Thylakoid membrane
E. Stroma
D. Thylakoid membrane
A plant has a lethal mutation that prevents the production of a chloroplast structure that absorbs light. Which of the following structures is most likely not forming?
A. Outer chloroplast membrane
B. Inner chloroplast membrane
C. Thylakoid membrane
D. Stroma
E. Stroma lamellae
C. Thylakoid membrane
Which organelle can conduct photosynthesis?
A. Mitochondria
B. Nucleus
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Chloroplast
E. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. Chloroplast
Suppose a toxin causes ATP synthase to become dysfunctional during photosynthesis. Which of the following is a possible side-effect?
A. Protons will not be able to move from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma
B. Protons will not be able to move from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen
C. Electrons will not be able to move from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma
D. Electrons will not be able to move from the stoma to the thylakoid lumen
E. Light will not be able to be absorbed by the thylakoid membrane
A. Protons will not be able to move from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma
Which equation defines non-cyclic phosphorylation?
A. ADP + CO2 → H2O + H2
B. ATP → ADP + P
C. ADP + P + light → ATP
D. ADP + P → ATP + light
E. H2O + CO2 → CH3 + O2
C. ADP + P + light → ATP
Electrons initially excited in P680 will move directly to the:
A. Photosystem II
B. Photosystem I
C. Primary electron acceptor
D. Cytochrome
E. ATP synthase
C. Primary electron acceptor
Which of the following is the correct ion found at the center of the chlorophyll molecule?
A. Mn2+
B. Mg2+
C. Fe2+
D. Cu+
E. Cl-
B. Mg2+
The process of electrons moving through the electron transport chain to the cytochrome proteins is analogous to which of the following processes?
A. Glycolysis
B. Kreb Cycle
C. Oxidative phosphorylation
D. Fermentation
E. Gluconeogenesis
C. Oxidative phosphorylation
Why is the chlorophyll a at the reaction-center complex of PSII called P680?
A. P680 best absorbs light at a wavelength above 680 nm
B. P680 best absorbs light at a wavelength of 680 nm
C. P680 best reflects light at a wavelength of 680 nm
D. P680 best reflects light at a wavelength above 680 nm
E. P680 best reflects light at a wavelength below 680 nm
B. P680 best absorbs light at a wavelength of 680 nm
Suppose all the membranes of a plant’s thylakoid become nonfunctional. Which process would be directly affected?
A. Carbon Fixation
B. Non-cyclic Photophosphorylation
C. Photorespiration
D. Cyclic Photophosphorylation
E. Transpiration
B. Non-cyclic Photophosphorylation
How many electrons are transported to the primary electron acceptor after they are excited?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
B. 2
Which of the following molecules are products of noncyclic photophosphorylation that drives the Calvin cycle?
A. ADP and NADP+
B. ATP and NADPH
C. ATP and NADH
D. ADP and NAD+
E. ADP and FADH
B. ATP and NADPH
Which of the following occurs if electrons decide to stay in the non-cyclic path of photosynthesis?
A. Another electron transport chain forms to replenish ATP
B. Another electron transport chain forms to produce NADPH
C. Water splits to form two electrons and two protons
D. Sunlight is taken up to reconduct photosynthesis
E. Transpiration occurs due to a lack of ATP
B. Another electron transport chain forms to produce NADPH
How are the electrons used in non-cyclic photosynthesis replenished in PSII?
A. The uptake of a carbon dioxide molecule
B. The splitting of a water molecule
C. The opening of the stomata
D. Exposure to sunlight
E. The Calvin Cycle
B. The splitting of a water molecule
When water is split during non-cyclic photosynthesis, the protons are used for:
A. Glycogenolysis
B. NADPH formation
C. Oxygen production
D. Carbon dioxide release
E. Cytochrome activation
NADPH formation
Place the following in the correct order of electron flow for non-cyclic photophosphorylation.
I. PSI
II. PSII
III. Cytochrome Complex
IV. Ferredoxin
V. NADP+ Reductase
A. II, III, I, IV, V
B. I, III, II, IV, V
C. II, III, I, V, IV
D. I, III, II, V, IV
E. I, II, III, IV, V
A. II, III, I, IV, V
I. PSI
II. PSII
III. Cytochrome Complex
IV. Ferredoxin
V. NADP+ Reductase
What is the purpose of cyclic photophosphorylation?
A. Production of NADPH
B. Production of glucose
C. Replenishing of electrons
D. Replenishing of ATP
E. Replenishing of carbon dioxide
Replenishing of ATP
A researcher is shooting wavelengths of light at a thylakoid membrane. What wavelength of light will the researchers find to be best absorbed at PSI?
A. 680 nm
B. 690 nm
C. 700 nm
D. 710 nm
E. 760 nm
700 nm
Which of the following chemical reactions is the correct balanced equation for the reduction of NADP+ in photosynthesis?
A. NADP+ + H+ + 1e- → NADPH
B. NADP+ + 2e- → NADP
C. NADP+ + H+ + 2e- → NADPH
D. NADP+ + 1e- → NADP
E. FADH+ + 1e- → FADH2
C. NADP+ + H+ + 2e- → NADPH
Suppose the final electron acceptor for non-cyclic photophosphorylation is not functional. Which coenzyme is dysfunctional?
A. NAD+
B. NADP+
C. ADP
D. FAD+
E. FADH+
B. NADP+
Which of the following molecules is the main product of cyclic photophosphorylation that drives the Calvin cycle?
A. NADPH
B. NADH
C. ATP
D. CO2
E. O2
C. ATP
How much ATP is produced from the two electrons from cyclic photophosphorylation?
A. 0.5
B. 1.0
C. 1.5
D. 2.0
E. 2.5
B. 1.0
What is the direct purpose of cyclic photophosphorylation regarding a plant’s photosynthesis?
A. Elimination of FADH2
B. Production of ATP
C. Production of NADH
D. Production of glucose
E. Production of oxygen
B. Production of ATP
Which of the following enzymes is used in the carboxylation step of the Calvin cycle in C3 plants?
A. Hexokinase
B. Glucokinase
C. Rubisco
D. PEP carboxylase
E. Phosphofructokinase
C. Rubisco
The Calvin cycle involves all the following steps EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Carboxylation
B. Reduction
C. Oxidative phosphorylation
D. Regeneration
E. Carbohydrate synthesis
Oxidative phosphorylation
Which of the following joins together to form 12PGA in the full Calvin cycle of C3 plants?
A. 6CO2 and 10ATP
B. 6CO2 and 6C6H12O2
C. 6CO2 and PEP carboxylase
D. 6CO2 and 6O2
E. 6CO2 and 6RuBP
E. 6CO2 and 6RuBP
Which of the following is the product of the reduction step of the full Calvin cycle?
A. 12 GPA
B. 6 RuBP
C. 11 G3P
D. 12 PGAL
E. 12 ATP
D. 12 PGAL
In a full Calvin cycle, what are the reactants used for the reduction step?
A. 12 ATP and 12 PGAL
B. 12 ATP and 12 G3P
C. 12 ATP and 12 FADH2
D. 12 ATP and 12 NADPH
E. 12 ATP and 6 CO2 molecules
12 ATP and 12 NADPH
Which of the following is known as the dark reaction of C3 photosynthesis?
A. Non-cyclic phosphorylation
B. Cyclic phosphorylation
C. Calvin cycle
D. Transpiration
E. Oxidative respiration
Calvin cycle
The byproducts of the reduction step of the Calvin cycle will be used in:
A. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation
B. Inhalation
C. Perspiration
D. Transpiration
E. Chemiosmosis
A. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation
The most common protein in the world is:
A. Collagen
B. Rubisco
C. Actin
D. Tubulin
E. Myosin
B. Rubisco
In the regeneration step of the Calvin cycle, which of the following occurs?
A. 12 PGA → 12 G3P
B. 6 CO2 + 6 RuBP → 12 PGA
C. 10 G3P → 6 RuBP
D. 2G3P → G6P
E. ADP + P+ → ATP
10 G3P → 6 RuBP
How many G3P molecules are needed to form one glucose molecule?
A. 1
Which of the following causes photorespiration in plants?
A. Electrons move too rapidly through the electron transport chain
B. G3P is continually converted into glucose
C. Guard cells are unable to control the stomata in mild temperatures
D. Rubisco can bind to both oxygen and carbon dioxide
E. Too much RuBP prevents the cytochrome protein from functioning correctly
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
B. 2
Which of the following is the correct equation for the Calvin cycle?
A. 6CO2 + 18ATP + 12NADPH → 18ADP + 18 Pi + 12NADP+ + 6CO2
B. 6CO2 + 18ATP + 12NADPH → 18ADP + 18 Pi + 12NADP+ + 2O2
C. 6CO2 + 18ATP + 12NADPH → 18ADP + 18 Pi + 12NADP+ + 1 glucose
D. 6CO2 + 6ATP + 6NADPH → 6ADP + 6Pi + 6NADP+ + 1 glucose
E. 6CO2 + 6ATP + 6NADPH → 6ADP + 6Pi + 6NADP+ + 2G3P
C. 6CO2 + 18ATP + 12NADPH → 18ADP + 18 Pi + 12NADP+ + 1 glucose
ATP used in photosynthesis is sourced from the:
A. Mitochondria
B. Chloroplast
C. Cell wall
D. Nucleus
E. Golgi Apparatus
B. Chloroplast
Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the Calvin Cycle?
A. Produce one glucose molecule from two G3P molecules
B. Produce NADPH and ATP
C. Produce more energized electrons
D. Produce more inorganic molecules
E. Introduce oxygen into the plant’s stromata
A. Produce one glucose molecule from two G3P molecules
How many CO2 molecules are fixed during the full Calvin cycle?
A. 2 CO2 molecules
B. 3 CO2 molecules
C. 4 CO2 molecules
D. 5 CO2 molecules
E. 6 CO2 molecules
E. 6 CO2 molecules
Photosynthesis in plants functions to make glucose via which organelle?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
C. Chloroplast
D. Golgi Apparatus
E. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
. Chloroplast
Which of the following is the process in photosynthesis where an electron transport chain pumps protons across the membrane?
A. Chemiosmosis
B. ATP synthase
C. Calvin cycle
D. Photorespiration
E. Non-cyclic respiration
A. Chemiosmosis
What kind of gradient is used to generate ATP in chloroplasts?
A. Chloride
B. Proton
C. Sodium
D. Potassium
E. Electron
Proton
During photosynthetic chemiosmosis, the respective pH in the thylakoid lumen and stroma is:
A. 3 and 6
B. 4 and 7
C. 5 and 8
D. 5 and 12
E. 6 and 7
C. 5 and 8
Which of the following is phosphorylated and released in the stroma during plant chemiosmosis?
A. NADH
B. NADP+
C. NAD+
D. ADP
E. ATP
D. ADP
Which of the following directly allows for the movement of protons from the thylakoid lumen into the stroma?
A. Multiple rounds of the Calvin Cycle
B. Passage of electrons in the proton transport chain
C. Splitting of oxygen
D. ATP Synthase embedded in the thylakoid membrane
E. Photons of light exciting electrons in cytochromes
D. ATP Synthase embedded in the thylakoid membrane
Which of the following occurs during the photorespiration of plants?
A. Carbon dioxide is fixed
B. NADPH is fixed
C. Oxygen is fixed
D. Excess ATP is produced
E. Excess RuBP is produced
C. Oxygen is fixed
A botanist notices that a plant is producing lower levels of sugar and wasting energy. Which of the following is most likely occurring?
A. The plant is in a low carbon dioxide ratio environment
B. The plant is in a low-temperature environment
C. The plant has too much ATP in its chloroplasts
D. Rubisco is binding to carbon dioxide
E. Rubisco is binding to oxygen
E. Rubisco is binding to oxygen
Which of the following causes photorespiration in plants?
A. Electrons move too rapidly through the electron transport chain
B. G3P is continually converted into glucose
C. Guard cells are unable to control the stomata in mild temperatures
D. Rubisco can bind to both oxygen and carbon dioxide
E. Too much RuBP prevents the cytochrome protein from functioning correctly
D. Rubisco can bind to both oxygen and carbon dioxide
C4 photosynthesis involves:
A. Photorespiration
B. Transpiration
C. Spatial separation
D. Temporal separation
E. Cytokinesis
Spatial separation
Which of the following occurs in C4 plants that are incongruent to what occurs in C3 plants?
A. Carbon dioxide is fixed by rubisco into PGA
B. Carbon dioxide binds with PEP to produce oxaloacetate during the nighttime
C. Carbon dioxide is moved to the bundle sheath cells
D. Carbon dioxide is converted into malic acid
E. Stomata are closed to prevent transpiration
C. Carbon dioxide is moved to the bundle sheath cells
Which of the following aids in the production of oxaloacetate during both CAM and C4 photosynthesis?
A. Rubisco
B. Cytochrome
C. Phosphoenolpyruvate
D. AMP
E. RuBP
Phosphoenolpyruvate
In both C4 and CAM photosynthesis, CO2 combines with phosphoenolpyruvate or PEP to form oxaloacetate. The enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is called PEP carboxylase. Once oxaloacetate is formed it is turned into malate in C4 photosynthesis (shown below in the first image) or malic acid in CAM photosynthesis (shown below in the second image).
In C4 photosynthesis, oxaloacetate will be converted into which of the following?
A. Fumarate
B. Malate
C. Pyruvate
D. Citrate
E. RuBP
B. Malate
During C4 photosynthesis, malate is moved from the:
A. Bundle sheath cell to the mesophyll cell
B. Mesophyll cell to the stomata
C. Mesophyll cell to the epidermis
D. Mesophyll cell to the vacuole
E. Mesophyll cell to the bundle sheath cell
E. Mesophyll cell to the bundle sheath cell
How many ATP molecules are required to move three oxaloacetate compounds to the bundle sheath cells in C4 photosynthesis?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
C. 3
Where does the Calvin Cycle occur in C4 plants?
A. During the nighttime
B. During the daytime
C. In bundle sheath cells
D. In mesophyll cells
E. In epidermal cells
C. In bundle sheath cells
Which of the following is explained by the Hatch-Slack pathway?
A. Production of five compound molecules during animal cell cellular respiration
B. Oncogenic capabilities of the RAS pathway
C. Reduction of competition between oxygen and carbon dioxide fixation for rubisco
D. Chloride shift in maintaining homeostasis in the human body
E. Ion and pH detection efficiency of the blood-brain barrier in human beings
C. Reduction of competition between oxygen and carbon dioxide fixation for rubisco
Which of the following biomes best match C4 plants’ natural environment?
A. Taiga
B. Tundra
C. Tropical rainforest
D. Grassland
E. Aquatic
D. Grassland
The following plants experience C3 photosynthesis EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Wheat
B. Potato
C. Corn
D. Rice
E. Tomato
C. Corn
Why is C4 photosynthesis named C4 photosynthesis?
A. Four ATP molecules are required
B. Four carbon dioxide molecules are required
C. Four oxygen molecules are required
D. Carbon is initially fixed into a four-carbon compound
E. PEP carboxylase, a four-carbon enzyme, is used in C4 photosynthesis
D. Carbon is initially fixed into a four-carbon compound
CAM photosynthesis is also known as which of the following?
A. C3 photosynthesis
B. Cytokinesis
C. Hatch-Slack photosynthesis
D. Crassulacean acid metabolism
E. Kranz anatomy photosynthesis
D. Crassulacean acid metabolism
Which of the following differentiates CAM photosynthesis from C4 photosynthesis?
A. CAM photosynthesis is spatially different
B. CAM photosynthesis is temporally different
C. CAM photosynthesis is almost identical to C3 photosynthesis
D. CAM photosynthesis conducts the Calvin Cycle in mesophyll cells
E. CAM photosynthesis does not use PEP carboxylase
B. CAM photosynthesis is temporally different
Which of the following is an attribute of CAM plants?
A. Water storing
B. Thin leaves
C. Stomata open during the day
D. Calvin cycle occurs in bundle sheath cells
E. Common in wet environments
A. Water storing
In CAM plants, photosynthesis occurs in:
A. The daytime
B. The nighttime
C. Low temperatures
D. Low humidity
E. High humidity
A. The daytime
Where in leaf cells does malic acid accumulate, waiting to be used in the Calvin cycle in CAM photosynthesis?
A. Cell Membrane
B. Cell Wall
C. Mitochondria
D. Plasmodesmata
E. Vacuole
E. Vacuole
In CAM photosynthesis, stomata are open in:
A. Hot temperatures
B. Cold temperatures
C. Daytime
D. Nighttime
E. Always
D. Nighttime
Pineapples stomata are open during the night and not the day. What kind of plant is a pineapple?
A. Gymnosperm
B. Fern
C. C3 plant
D. C4 plant
E. CAM plant
E. CAM plant
Which of the following best describes how photosynthesis processes differ in cacti and sugarcanes?
A. In cacti, the Calvin cycle occurs in mesophyll cells, whereas in sugarcanes, the Calvin cycle occurs in bundle-sheath cells
B. In cacti, the Calvin cycle occurs in bundle-sheath cells, whereas in sugarcanes, the Calvin cycle occurs in mesophyll cells
C. The stomata from cacti are open during the day, while the stomata of sugarcanes are open during the night
D. RuBisCo is the enzyme used at the beginning of photosynthesis for cacti, whereas PEP carboxylase is the enzyme used at the beginning of photosynthesis for sugarcanes
E. RuBisCo in cacti does not have an affinity for carbon dioxide, whereas RuBisCo in sugar cane does
A. In cacti, the Calvin cycle occurs in mesophyll cells, whereas in sugarcanes, the Calvin cycle occurs in bundle-sheath cells
Why is the release of CO2 from organic acids time-dependent in CAM photosynthesis?
A. CO2 is released during the day because the stomata are closed
B. CO2 is released during the day because the light reactions can supply ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle
C. CO2 is released during the night because the stomata are closed
D. CO2 is released during the night because the light reactions during the previous day can supply ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle
E. CO2 is only present in the atmosphere during nighttime
CO2 is released during the day because the light reactions can supply ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle
During the day, which of the following molecules is malic acid converted to in CAM photosynthesis?
A. Malate
B. Oxaloacetate
C. Glucose
D. PEP
E. RuBP
B. Oxaloacetate
