Photosynthesis

Question 1

Photosynthesis equation

Answer 1

light
6CO2 + 6H2O ———> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 2

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 2

The site of photosynthesis
Three membranes : outer, inner, thylakoid
Three compartments: intermembrane space, stroma, thylakoid space

Question 3

What are light reactions?

Answer 3

Take place on the thylakoid membrane.
Captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy.
Uses NADP+ and ADP
Produces ATP & NADPH

Question 4

How do photosystems capture light energy?

Answer 4

1. Photosystems are protein complexes that contain chlorophyll
2. Chlorophyll absorbs light energy
3. Light energy absorbed by chlorophyll produces high energy electrons
4. High energy electrons travel through photosynthetic chain

Question 5

What is the calvin cycle?

Answer 5

Uses the energy stored by the light-dependent reactions to form glucose and other carbohydrate molecules

Occurs in the stroma, uses CO2, ATP and NADPH
Outputs a 3 carbon sugar that is converted to glucose

Question 6

How does glucose supply energy in plants and animals?

Answer 6

Both plants and animals breakdown glucose in respiration to generate ATP
Animals must have external source
Plants generate glucose during photosynthesis

Question 7

How is ATP generated in plants and animals?

Answer 7

In both respiration and photosynthesis, ATP synthase responsible for ATP generation which requires proton gradient

Question 8

What is the origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Answer 8

Mitochondria and chloroplasts both contain DNA, ribosomes are able to make some proteins. Both have an inner and outer membrane. Mitochondria originated first, then chloroplast

Question 9

Photosynthetic Electron Transport Chain process

Answer 9

Photosystem II uses water to create oxygen and hydrogen -> Cytochrome complex produces protons -> Photosystem I uses NADP+ and proton to produce NADPH-> ATP synthase using protons from cytochrome complex converts ADP + Pi to ATP