Cell Structure and Diversity Flashcards
What is Variation?
Individuals in a population that vary from one another
What is Inheritance?
Parents pass on their traits to their offspring genetically
What is a Phylogenetic Tree?
A family tree of organisms - can be physical things or sequence information from biological molecules
Trace relationships between species
What are the three domains in the Origin of Life?
Bacteria, Eukarya and Archaea
What is Endosymbiosis?
Two key organelles in eukaryotes are derived from bacteria, mitochondria from proteobacteria and chloroplasts from cyanobacteria
What is the difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?
The membrane enclosed organelles are present in eukaryotes and not prokaryotes - prokaryotes have no nucleus
Order of Structures in Biological Molecules (smallest to biggest)
Building blocks -> Macromolecules -> Supramolecular assemblies -> Organelles
What is a Macromolecule?
Organic biological molecules necessary for life made up of smaller units called building blocks
Example of Building Blocks in Biological Molecules
- Amino Acids
- Nucleobases
- Simple carbohydrates
Example of Macromolecules in Biological Molecules
- Proteins
- DNA
- RNA
- Complex Carbohydrates
- Lipids (fats)
Example of Supramolecular Assemblies in Biological Molecules
- Membranes
- Ribosomes
- Chromatin
Example of Organelles in Biological Molecules
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Golgi
- ER
What four macromolecules is life mainly composed of?
- Polysaccharides (complex carbs)
- Nucleic Acids (RNA & DNA)
- Proteins
- Lipids
What are the four levels of carbohydrates?
- Monosaccharides (single unit)
- Disaccharides (two monosaccharides)
- Oligosaccharides (several monosaccharides (approx 10))
- Polysaccharides (many monosaccharides (>10))
What are the three functions of Carbohydrates?
- Recognition
- Energy
- Structure
