Photosynthesis

Question 1

what is the function of chloroplast?

Answer 1

convert sunlight energy into glucose (sun -> glucose), contain chlorophyll, have DNA is double membraned

Question 2

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 2

ATP is a higher energy form of ADP+P. When ATP releases energy it turns into ADP+P and when energy is absorbed it turns into ATP.

Question 3

how ATP is like a rechargeable battery

Answer 3

ATP releases energy which makes it a lower energy “ADP+P”

Question 4

heterotrophs

Answer 4

organisms that must obtain nutrients from an outside source in order to create ATP

Question 5

autotrophs

Answer 5

organisms that can convert energy into a stored form and then can break it down to create its own energy

Question 6

heterotrophs were found (before or after) autotrophs?

Answer 6

BEFORE

Question 7

(relating to light) different wavelengths =

Answer 7

different wavelengths = different colors

Question 8

photons

Answer 8

packages of energy that light travels in

Question 9

light can be (3 terms)

Answer 9

absorbed, reflected, or transmitted

Question 10

photosynthesis

Answer 10

the process of making H20 + CO2 -> C6H12O6 + O2. divided into the (1) light reaction and (2) the dark reaction/calvin cycle/light independent reaction

Question 11

what is moved into the primary electron acceptor from the reaction center?

Answer 11

electrons and high energy

Question 12

in photosystem 2, how are electrons replenished in the reaction center?

Answer 12

a catabolic enzyme splits two water molecules into 4 electrons, 4 hydrogen ions, and O2. The 4 electrons replenish the missing electrons in the reaction center.

Question 13

in photosystem 1, how are electrons replenished in the reaction center?

Answer 13

the ground state electron, whose energy was used while it passed along the electron transport chain, replenishes the missing electron in the reaction center.

Question 14

oxidation

Answer 14

loss of electrons

Question 15

reduction

Answer 15

gain of electrons

Question 16

in the process of photosynthesis, does the reaction center oxidize or reduce?

Answer 16

oxidize

Question 17

in the process of photosynthesis, does the PEA oxidize or reduce?

Answer 17

reduce

Question 18

what does the NADP reductase combine anabolically?

Answer 18

high energy electron + a hydrogen ion + NADP -> NADPH

Question 19

calvin cycle

Answer 19

a series of enzyme-assisted chemical reactions that produces a three-carbon sugar

Question 20

what is required to start the dark reaction?

Answer 20

3-CO2 molecules

Question 21

step 1 of the dark reaction

Answer 21

an enzyme combines each of the three CO2 molecules combines with a molecule of RuBP (P-OOOOO-P) to create (P-OOOOOO-P). known as carbon fixation

Question 22

step 2 of the dark reaction

Answer 22

the newly formed 6-carbon sugar is unstable; it splits apart and forms two 3-carbon molecules of PGA (phosphoglyceric acid)

Question 23

step 3 of the dark reaction

Answer 23

energy carriers ATP and NADPH provide energy to convert PGA into PGAL (phosphoglyceric aldehyde)

Question 24

step 4 of the dark reaction

Answer 24

a PGAL molecule continues on the cycle to reform the 5-carbon sugar RuBP (making bonds with the energy supplied by ATP). each RuBP is ready to begin the cycle

Question 25

step 5 of the dark reaction

Answer 25

after two rounds of the calvin cycle, two molecules of PGAL leave the cycle to form glucose