Photosynthesis Flashcards
what is the function of chloroplast?
convert sunlight energy into glucose (sun -> glucose), contain chlorophyll, have DNA is double membraned
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
ATP is a higher energy form of ADP+P. When ATP releases energy it turns into ADP+P and when energy is absorbed it turns into ATP.
how ATP is like a rechargeable battery
ATP releases energy which makes it a lower energy “ADP+P”
heterotrophs
organisms that must obtain nutrients from an outside source in order to create ATP
autotrophs
organisms that can convert energy into a stored form and then can break it down to create its own energy
heterotrophs were found (before or after) autotrophs?
BEFORE
(relating to light) different wavelengths =
different wavelengths = different colors
photons
packages of energy that light travels in
light can be (3 terms)
absorbed, reflected, or transmitted
photosynthesis
the process of making H20 + CO2 -> C6H12O6 + O2. divided into the (1) light reaction and (2) the dark reaction/calvin cycle/light independent reaction
what is moved into the primary electron acceptor from the reaction center?
electrons and high energy
in photosystem 2, how are electrons replenished in the reaction center?
a catabolic enzyme splits two water molecules into 4 electrons, 4 hydrogen ions, and O2. The 4 electrons replenish the missing electrons in the reaction center.
in photosystem 1, how are electrons replenished in the reaction center?
the ground state electron, whose energy was used while it passed along the electron transport chain, replenishes the missing electron in the reaction center.
oxidation
loss of electrons
reduction
gain of electrons
in the process of photosynthesis, does the reaction center oxidize or reduce?
oxidize
in the process of photosynthesis, does the PEA oxidize or reduce?
reduce
what does the NADP reductase combine anabolically?
high energy electron + a hydrogen ion + NADP -> NADPH
calvin cycle
a series of enzyme-assisted chemical reactions that produces a three-carbon sugar
what is required to start the dark reaction?
3-CO2 molecules
step 1 of the dark reaction
an enzyme combines each of the three CO2 molecules combines with a molecule of RuBP (P-OOOOO-P) to create (P-OOOOOO-P). known as carbon fixation
step 2 of the dark reaction
the newly formed 6-carbon sugar is unstable; it splits apart and forms two 3-carbon molecules of PGA (phosphoglyceric acid)
step 3 of the dark reaction
energy carriers ATP and NADPH provide energy to convert PGA into PGAL (phosphoglyceric aldehyde)
step 4 of the dark reaction
a PGAL molecule continues on the cycle to reform the 5-carbon sugar RuBP (making bonds with the energy supplied by ATP). each RuBP is ready to begin the cycle
step 5 of the dark reaction
after two rounds of the calvin cycle, two molecules of PGAL leave the cycle to form glucose
