Cell Cycle/Mitosis/Meiosis

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

a process of nuclear division; a process of creating an identical copy of a somatic cell

Question 2

somatic cell

Answer 2

body cell

Question 3

chromatin

Answer 3

an uncoiled version of a chromosome. chromatin is found when a cell is NOT actively dividing

Question 4

replicated chromosones

Answer 4

identical double strands of DNA (are made of two sister chromatids)

Question 5

sister chromatids

Answer 5

identical copies of one another that combine into replicated chromosones

Question 6

homogulous chromosome

Answer 6

two chromosomes that contain the same exact genes, but don’t necessarily need to have the same variation of the gene (ie. eye color)

Question 7

histone

Answer 7

protein embedded within the chromosome. histone allow DNA to tightly coil and pack during cell division

Question 8

4 stages of mitosis

Answer 8

a. prophase
b. metaphase
c. anaphase
d. telophase

Question 9

cell cycle

Answer 9

all eukaryotes
1. Repair
2. Replace
3. Grow

Question 10

binary fission

Answer 10

a process of asexual reproduction for unicellular organisms and how prokaryotes reproduce

Question 11

what are the three stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 11

1. Interphase
2. Mitosis
3. Cytokinesis

Question 12

3 stages of interphase

Answer 12

1. G1 (growth)
2. S (synthesis of DNA)
3. G2

Question 13

in the post-synthesis of interphase, everything is..?

Answer 13

replicated (including the centriole)

Question 14

in the G1 stage of interphase, what is in the nuclear membrane?

Answer 14

chromatin

Question 15

what happens during prophase?

Answer 15

nuclear membrane disintegrates, centrioles go to poles, and centromere connects sister chromatids

Question 16

what connects sister chromatids together?

Answer 16

centromere

Question 17

what happens during metaphase?

Answer 17

replicated chromosomes move towards equator, spindle fibers connect to replicated chromosomes

Question 18

what are spindle fibers made of?

Answer 18

microtubules

Question 19

what happens during anaphase?

Answer 19

replicated chromosomes split into two sister chromatid because of spindle fibers, splits into non-replicated chromosomes

Question 20

what happens during telophase?

Answer 20

two identical nuclear membrane reform, and cleavage furrow begins to pinch inwards until the cells split

Question 21

what happens during cytokinesis for animal cells?

Answer 21

cytoplasmic divison is accomplished by pinching in the cell membrane until it splits into two daughter cells

Question 22

what happens during cytokinesis for plant cells?

Answer 22

a cell plate synthesizes that thickens until it’s a wall

Question 23

daughter cells

Answer 23

Genetically identical cells are formed when a cell undergoes division by mitosis

Question 24

what is the diploid/haploid for mitosis?

Answer 24

2N —> 2N

Question 25

meiosis

Answer 25

type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes

Question 26

what happens during prophase 1 that is different from cell cycle prophase?

Answer 26

synapsis and crossing over

Question 27

synapsis

Answer 27

when the two homologous genes pair up to create a tetrad

Question 28

crossing over

Answer 28

one homologous chromosome swaps with another homologous chromosome; adds diversity

Question 29

what happens during anaphase 1?

Answer 29

tetrads split/homologous chromosomes seperate

Question 30

law of independent assortment

Answer 30

tetrads can align any way on the equator; inheritance of one trait does not influence inheritance of another one

Question 31

what happens during telophase 1?

Answer 31

cells go from diploid to haploid

Question 32

what is the result of telophase 2?

Answer 32

4 diverse nuclei/cells

Question 33

haploid

Answer 33

the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism’s cells (n)

Question 34

diploid

Answer 34

has two complete sets of chromosomes (2n)