Cellular Respiration Flashcards
autotroph
organism capable of converting sunlight -> a form of stored chemical energy
heterotroph
can only convert between different forms of chemical energy
aerobic cell respiration
breakdown of glucose utilizing oxygen as a reactant
anaerobic cell respiration
breakdown of glucose without the use of oxygen
aerobes
any organism that utilizes aerobic cell respiration
anaerobes
any organism that uses an anaerobic pathway of cell respiration
oxidation
loss of electrons
reduction
gain of electrons
glycolysis turns 1 glucose into
2 pyruvic acid
glycolysis turns 2 ATP into
2 ADP
glycolysis turns 2 NAD into
2 NADH
glycolysis turns 4 ADP into
4 ATP (for a net gain of 2 ATP)
where does glycolysis happen?
in the cytoplasm
NAD vs NADP
NAD is used in cell respiration while NADP is used for photosynthesis
where does the conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA happen?
matrix
pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA turns 2 NAD into
2 NADH
2 pyruvate turns into
2 Acetyl-CoA
2 CO2 is produced during the conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA
yeah…
the Kreb’s Cycle turns 2 Acetyl-CoA into
4 CO2
the Kreb’s Cycle turns 6 NAD into
6 NADH
the Kreb’s Cycle turns 2 FAD into
2 FADH2
the Kreb’s Cycle turns 2 ADP into
2 ATP
where does the Kreb’s Cycle occur in the mitochondria?
matrix
where is the ETC located in cell respiration?
inner membrane
chemeosmosis
movement of H+ ions across a selectively permeable membrane. uses active transport
in cell respiration’s chemeosmosis, what side has a low concentration and which has a high concentration of H+?
the intermembrane space has a high concentration, and the matrix has a low concentration
NADH and FADH are…
electron carrier molecules (10 NADH and 2 FADH during the ETC)
how much ATP is produced in the ETC?
30 ATP
what is the efficiency of aerobic respiration?
38 x (12 kcal)/686 kcal = 66%
what is the efficiency of anaerobic respiration?
2 x (12 kcal)/686 kcal = 3%
what is produced during alcoholic fermentation?
2 ATP, 2 ethanol, 2 CO2
what is produced during lactic acid fermentation?
2 ATP, 2 lactase
