Photosynthesis

Question 1

This is a process where plants convert radiant energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of glucose (sugar)

Answer 1

Photosynthesis

Question 2

Where does chlorophyll reside in the cell?

Answer 2

Thylakoid Membrane

Question 3

O2 is formed by what during photosynthesis?

Answer 3

H2O

Question 4

What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

Answer 4

Redox Reaction

Question 5

During photosynthesis, electrons increase in potential energy therefore making it what type of reaction?

Answer 5

Endergonic

Question 6

What form of energy is light?

Answer 6

Electromagnetic Radiation

Question 7

What is the range of visible light (in nm)?

Answer 7

380-750nm

Question 8

These are discrete particles with a fixed amount of energy but have no mass

Answer 8

Photons

Question 9

What is pigment?

Answer 9

Substance that absorbs visible light

Question 10

Why does chlorophyll appear to be green?

Answer 10

Chlorophyll doesn’t absorb the wavelengths in the green part of the color spectrum

Question 11

What happens in a light reaction?

Answer 11

Light energy is converted into chemical energy

Question 12

What happens as a result of a light reaction? (4 parts)

Answer 12

• H2O is split to provide e(-) and H(+)
• NADP(+) is reduced to NADPH
• ATP is produced
• O2 is given off

Question 13

What:

• fixes carbon from CO2 into organic molecules
• reduces fixed carbon into sugar using the NADPH and ATP from light reactions

Answer 13

Calvin Cycle

Question 14

Photosystems, which capture light, are located where in the cell?

Answer 14

Thylakoid Membrane

Question 15

These contain pigment molecules which absorb light and transfer energy to reaction-center complex

Answer 15

Antenna Complexes

Question 16

These contain a special pair of chlorophyll (a) molecules which can reduce the primary electron acceptor

Answer 16

Reaction-Center Complex

Question 17

What happens during the Cyclic Electron Flow?

Answer 17

Electrons from photosystem 1 are transferred back to ETC (electron transport chain)

Question 18

What is produced and what is not produced from the Cyclic Electron Flow?

Answer 18

ATP is produced and NADPH is not produced

Question 19

What uses the chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH to reduce CO2 to sugar (G3P)?

Answer 19

Calvin Cycle

Question 20

What are the 3 phases of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 20

• Carbon fixation
• Reduction
• Regeneration of CO2 acceptor

Question 21

How many times does the Calvin cycle need to occur in order to produce 1 net G3P?

Answer 21

3 times

Question 22

In order to create 1 G3P, the Calvin cycle requires what in terms of ATP and NADPH?

Answer 22

9 ATP and 6 NADPH

Question 23

What is it called when Rubisco is used to fix O2 in place of CO2?

Answer 23

Photorespiration

Question 24

What is the consequence of using Rubisco to fix O2 in place of CO2?

Answer 24

ATP is consumed and photosynthesis is decreased by siphoning off material from the Calvin cycle

Question 25

What is a problem that arises for plants in a hot dry climate?

Answer 25

Plants close their stomata to minimize H2O loss but this reduces the amount of CO2 available

Question 26

What makes a plant a C3 plant?

Answer 26

Rubisco is used for initial carbon fixation

Question 27

What are the other types of plants (2) that have alternative modes of carbon fixation to minimize photorespiration?

Answer 27

• C4 plants

- CAM plants (crassulacean acid metabolism)

Question 28

Type of plant where the carbon fixation is separated spatially from the Calvin cycle

Answer 28

C4 Plants

Question 29

Type of plant where the carbon fixation is separated from the Calvin cycle temporarily

Answer 29

CAM plants

Question 30

What happens to the sugar produced by photosynthesis?

Answer 30

• ~50% is used as fuel for cellular respiration
• Linked together to form cellulose
• Excess is stored as starch