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Biology 1113 > Cell to Cell Communication > Flashcards

Cell to Cell Communication Flashcards

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1
Q

What is outside the membrane of a cell?

A
  • Extracellular matrix (ECM)

- Cell walls

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2
Q

Extracellular matrix is found in what kind of tissues?

A

Animal Tissues

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3
Q

What are the main components of the Extracellular Matrix?

A
  • Collagen

- Proteoglycans

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4
Q

What are the functions (3) of the Extracellular Matrix?

A
  • Support
  • Segregate tissues
  • Regulation of intercellular communication
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5
Q

Cell walls are found in what?

A

Plants (and bacteria, fungi, and some protists)

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6
Q

What are the major functions (3) of the cell wall?

A
  • Protection
  • Maintain shape
  • Prevent excess water uptake
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7
Q

What do tight junctions do?

A

Seal cells together

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8
Q

What do desmosomes do?

A

Connect the cytoskeletons of cells

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9
Q

What do gap junctions do?

A

Act as cell channels between cells

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10
Q

What:

  • forms water tight seal between cells
  • restrict passive movement
A

Tight Junctions

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11
Q

What:

  • binds the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells together
  • cell to cell adhesions are selective
A

Desmosomes

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12
Q

Name of the protein in desmosomes that link cells

A

Cadherins

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13
Q

What:

  • is found in animal cells
  • membrane proteins line up to form channels between cells
  • allows passage of ions and small molecules
A

Gap Junctions

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14
Q

What:

  • is found in plant cells
  • membrane lined channels through cell wall connect adjacent cells
A

Plasmodesmata

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15
Q

What is used for long-distance signaling between cells?

A

Hormones (endocrine signaling)

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16
Q

The ability of a cell to respond to endocrine signaling is based on what?

A

If the cell has receptors that can bind the signaling molecule (hormone)

17
Q

What are the 3 stages of cell signaling?

A
  • Reception
  • Transduction
  • Response
18
Q

The receptor on a cell changes its shape due to what?

A

Binding of a signaling molecule

19
Q

Review the process associated with each of the 3 steps of Cell Signaling!

A

Review: Reception, Transduction, and Response

20
Q

What are the 3 main types of membrane receptors?

A
  • G-protein coupled receptors
  • Tyrosine kinase receptors
  • Ion channel receptors
21
Q

What are plasma membrane receptors that are associated with G proteins?

A

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)

22
Q

What are membrane receptors with enzymatic activity which attach phosphates to tyrosine residues?

A

Receptor Tyrosine kinases (RTKs)

23
Q

What gets activated by the RTKs?

A

the Ras (G protein)

24
Q

Abnormally activated RTKs are associated with what?

A

Types of cancer

25
Q

What includes:

  • binding of ligand causes conformational change
  • when gate opens, specific ions can pass through
A

Ion Channel Receptors

26
Q

What stage of cell signaling allows the signal to amplify?

A

Transduction

27
Q

What are small, non-protein, water-soluble molecules that can easily spread a message throughout a cell?

A

Second Messengers

28
Q

What are the 2 most common Second Messengers?

A
  • Cyclic AMP (cAMP)

- Calcium ions (CA^2+)

29
Q

What does cAMP stand for?

A

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate

30
Q

What is cAMP made from?

A

Adenylyl Cyclase ATP

31
Q

Are the levels of CA^2+ higher outside or inside of the cell?

A

Outside of the cell

32
Q

Review Specificity and Coordination of Response slide!

A

Review.

33
Q

What is it called where multiple pathways interact to modify response?

A

Crosstalk

34
Q

In order to respond to new signals what must happen?

A

Old signals must be shut off

35
Q

Is binding of signaling molecules to receptors reversible?

A

Yes

36
Q

Is the process of reception and signal transduction similar between unicellular and multicellular organisms?

A

Yes

Biology 1113 (9 decks)

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