Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 1113 > Mendel and The Gene > Flashcards

Mendel and The Gene Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What was used to explain Mendel’s results?

A

Chromosomal theory of inheritance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What process was Mendel seeing in action, that led him to his observations?

A

Meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What did Mendel find to be “hereditary determinants”?

A

Genes located on chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What undergoes segregation and independent assortment: chromosomes or individual genes?

A

Chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why are flies a great subject for genetic research?

A
  • Produce tons of offspring
  • Can breed a new generation every 2 weeks
  • only 4 pairs of chromosomes
  • cheap to keep
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the eye color gene located in fruit flies?

A

On the sex chromosome (they are linked)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is sex-linked inheritance?

A

Genes located on a sex chromosome that exhibit unique patterns of inheritance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is used to determine sex in humans and other mammals?

A

The X-Y system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

X & Y chromosomes segregated into separate gametes (sperm) during meiosis in males leads to what?

A

Sex determination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the sex if an X-bearing sperm fertilizes an egg?

A

Female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the sex if a Y-bearing sperm fertilizes an egg?

A

Male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Before 2 months, the embryo’s gonads are generic and can develop into ovaries or testes depending on what?

A

The presence of the Y chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens with the gonads if the Y chromosome is expressed?

A

They develop into testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many genes does the Y chromosome contain?

A

78 (encodes 25 proteins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many genes does the X chromosome contain?

A

~1,100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why are there fewer disorders passed from father to son?

A

There are less genes in the Y chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

True/False: XY is always phenotypically male.

A

False (can be phenotypically female)

18
Q

True/False: XX can be phenotypically male.

A

True

19
Q

What causes XY to be phenotypically female?

A

Loss of SRY gene

20
Q

What causes XX to be phenotypically male?

A

Translocation of SRY gene

21
Q

What is the SRY gene?

A

It provides the instructions for making the sex-determining region Y protein

22
Q

Why are X-linked recessive disorders more common in males than females?

A

Males only have 1 X chromosome, which means that they can not be carriers of the disorder. They either have it or they don’t. Females have 2 X chromosomes which means that one good copy of the X can mask the bad copy of the X and therefore be just a carrier.

23
Q

What are some X-linked disorders?

A
  • Color blindness
  • Duchenne muscular dystrophy
  • Hemophilia
24
Q

True/False: All alleles are either completely dominant or completely recessive.

A

False

25
Q

True/False: Some genes have more than 2 possible alleles.

A

True

26
Q

True/False: Genes can not produce multiple phenotypes.

A

False

27
Q

Because it is unlikely for genes on the same chromosome to sort independently, would you expect them to stay together during gamete production?

A

Yes

28
Q

What is the term used to describe offspring that do not have phenotypes that match either parent?

A

Recombinants

29
Q

What is the cause of recombinant cases?

A

Crossing over

30
Q

What increases the chance of a crossover event?

A

The farther apart 2 genes are on a chromosome

31
Q

What type of phenotype do heterozygotes have in the case of incomplete dominance?

A

Intermediate phenotype

32
Q

What does it mean when alleles are co-dominant?

A

Neither allele is dominant and both are expressed with no blending

33
Q

What is a heterozygote?

A

An individual having 2 different alleles of a particular gene or genes

34
Q

What is the flaw with Mendel only looking at characters which had 2 alleles?

A

Most genes have more than 2 alleles which allows for more combinations, which means more phenotypes

35
Q

What is pleiotropy?

A

A specific gene that produces multiple traits

36
Q

What is the term used to describe when the phenotypic expression of one gene alters that of a different gene?

A

Epistasis

37
Q

What is the term used to describe when 2 or more genes have an additive effect on a single phenotypic character?

A

Polygenic Inheritance

38
Q

True/False: The phenotype of many traits can be altered or influenced by the environment

A

True

39
Q

Both parents must be at least a carrier for what?

A

Recessively inherited disorders

40
Q

True/False: Dominantly inherited disorders can skip generations.

A

False

41
Q

True/False: Recessively inherited disorders can skip generations.

A

True

Biology 1113 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions