Photorespiration

Question 1

How do plants prevent excessive water loss while still having the ability to perform phtosynthesis?

Answer 1

Photorespiration

Question 2

Also known as the C3 Cycle

Answer 2

Photosynthesis

Question 3

What is the first product of carbon fixation?

Answer 3

A 3-C compound

Question 4

Examples of 3-C compounds

Answer 4

Wheat
Soy beans

Question 5

The entry way of gases, mostly involved in the process of photorespiration wherin it allows the intake of CO2

Answer 5

Stomata

Question 6

What happens to the stomata during hot days and dry environments

Answer 6

Closes
Temporarily stops the intake of CO2

Question 7

What happens when the stomata closes and does not allow carbon to pass through?

Answer 7

Levels of O2 inside of the leaves build-up

Question 8

If the stomata closes, and the levels of CO2 decreases, would the process of photosynthesis be affected?

Answer 8

Yes, due to the lack of supply of CO2, O2 build-up occurs causing increased toxicity

Question 9

If the stomata closes, and the levels of CO2 decreases, would the process of photosynthesis stop entirely?

Answer 9

It does not stop entirely, yet it would undergo other processes that would require more energy

Question 10

Does RuBisCO only catalyze the binding of CO2 and RuBP

Answer 10

No, can RuBP mistakenly bind with O2

Question 11

Why can O2 bind with RuBP?

Answer 11

Due to it being an evolutionary baggage

Question 12

Why is Photorespiration considered an evolutionary baggage?

Answer 12

The greater pressence of CO2 compared to O2 in the atmosphere before made the process of photosynthesis reliant on it. That does not mean it couldn’t use up O2. Therefore it did not necessarily adapt the ability to repel O2.

Question 13

Why is using O2 for the cycle harmful?

Answer 13

The products are relatively toxic to plants
Inhibits distinct reactions in the Calvin Cycle

Question 14

What process decreases photosynthetic output?

Answer 14

Photorespiration

Question 15

In a general sense, does the pros outweigh the cons in photorespiration?

Answer 15

No, it is relatively toxic

Question 16

The benefits of Photorespiration

Answer 16

Photoprotection
Help maintain redox balance
Support plant immune defense via peroxisomes

Question 17

The disadvantages of Photorespiration

Answer 17

Uses more ATP
No sugar is produced
50% of CO2 is lost rather than fixed

Question 18

Which plants counteract Photoresipiration in its disadvantages

Answer 18

C4 & CAM Plants

Question 19

Plants that avoid the process of Photorespiration?

Question 20

Why is C4 Photosynthesis named this way?

Question 21

Where are C4 Plants common?

Question 22

Which enzyme catalyzes the fixation of CO2 to form Oxalacetate

Question 23

What does PEP Carboxylase bind?

Question 24

What occurs after the fixation of Oxalacetate

Question 25

How is Malate formed?

Question 26

An adaptation that allowed C4 Plants to thrive in dry and humid conditions.

Question 27

In Kranz Anatomy, _______ cells are clustered around bundle-sheath cells which contain more chloroplasts

Question 28

In C4 plants, the C4 pathway is located in the _______ and connected to the C3 pathway via ______

Question 29

What happens after Malate enters the bundled-sheat cells?

Question 30

Why can RuBisCO avoid contact with Oxygen after fixation occurs?

Question 31

Malate releases CO2 for the Calvin Cycle to use in the C3 pathway, the rest would be converted into _____

Question 32

PEP is formed with energy from _______, catalyzed via the enzyme _______

Question 33

How much ATP is expensed after a cycle from C4 Phtosynthesis

Question 34

The main difference between C4 photosynthesis and CAM Photosynthesis?

Question 35

During the day, CAM plants….

Question 36

During the night, CAM plants….

Question 37

Doe C4 and CAM photosynthesis essentially function the same?